利他保险合同任意解除权的限制

On the Limitation of the Right to Arbitrary Termination of Altruistic Insurance Contracts

投保人享有任意解除权,但在利他保险合同情景下,不受限制地行使该权利会使被保险人的利益遭受损害。《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国保险法〉司法解释(三)》第十七条虽然明确了被保险人支付相当款项即可阻止投保人任意解除权的行使,但从整体上看,投保人的任意解除权仍过于“任意”。被保险人如何知晓投保人解除保险合同的事项未明确,被保险人欲通过支付相当款项以替代投保人地位的目标也无法得到保障,对投保人滥用权利执意解除合同的救济也未明文。基于此,应限制投保人行使任意解除权,并从利他合同的关系结构出发,明确具体的限制条件;在投保人滥用权利的特定情形中,引入强制缔约制度以平衡各方利益。

The policyholder has the right to terminate arbitrarily,but in the case of an altruistic insurance contract,the unrestricted exercise of this right may jeopardize the interests of the insured.Although Article 17 in Judicial Interpretation(Ⅲ)of the Supreme People’s Court on the Application of the Insurance Law of the People’s Republic of China clarifies that the payment of a considerable sum of money by the insured can prevent the exercise of the policyholder’s right of arbitrary termination,the policyholder’s right of arbitrary termination is still too“arbitrary”.It is not clear how the insured knows the matter of the applicant’s cancellation of the insurance contract to intervene in the contract,and the insured’s goal of replacing the applicant’s status by paying an equivalent amount cannot be guaranteed,and the relief for the applicant’s abuse of rights to terminate the contract is not clear.Based on this,the exercise of the policyholder’s right to terminate the contract arbitrarily should be restricted,and specific limitations should be clarified in the light of the relational structure of the altruistic contract;and a compulsory contracting system should be introduced in order to balance the interests of all parties in the specific case of abuse of the policyholder’s right.