渐开线花键齿侧定心建模及载荷分析

Tooth Side Centering Modeling and Load Analysis of Involute Splines

花键具有传输转矩大、自动定心等诸多优点,在传动系统中有着广泛的应用。花键在理想情况下各齿均匀承载,然而,制造误差和安装误差导致各齿间隙存在差异,花键齿间不再均载,从而降低了花键的寿命。在振动环境下,内外花键之间的相对径向运动使各齿的相对间隙不断变化,花键齿间载荷分配更加复杂。为了进一步了解花键齿间载荷分配规律,建立了齿侧定心花键副的动力学模型,并使用Newmark-β法求解了系统动力学方程。计算结果显示,花键各齿啮合力对齿侧间隙很敏感,容易出现偏载现象。此外,探讨了接触长度和精度等级对花键齿间载荷分配的影响,发现接触长度越大、精度等级越低的花键偏载越严重。最后,进行了齿侧配合花键副的接触分析,并对比了两种方法计算的花键各齿啮合力,验证了本文模型的正确性。

Splines have many advantages such as high transmission torque,self-centering and so on,and have a wide range of applications in the transmission system.Ideally,splines are evenly loaded on each tooth.However,manufacturing and installation errors can cause differences in tooth clearances,and load is no longer evenly distributed between spline teeth,which reduces the spline life.In the environment of vibration,the rela⁃tive radial movement between internal splines and external splines causes the relative clearance of each tooth to change continuously,and the load distribution between spline teeth is more complicated.In order to further un⁃derstand the load distribution rule between spline teeth,the dynamic model of centering spline pair on the tooth side is established,and Newmark-βmethod is used to solve the system dynamic equation.The calculation re⁃sults show that the engagement forces of spline teeth are very sensitive to tooth side clearance and are prone to the offset load.In addition,the influence of the contact length and the precision class on the load distribution be⁃tween spline teeth is discussed.It is found that the longer the contact length and the lower the precision class,the worse the spline bias load will be.Finally,the contact analysis of the tooth-side mating spline pair is carried out and the meshing forces of each spline tooth calculated by two methods are compared,which verifies the cor⁃rectness of the model in this study.