不同施肥模式对油菜农艺性状及产量的影响

Different fertilization Patterns on Agronomic Traits of Rapeseed and the Impact of Yield

油菜是贵州主要油料作物之一,为提高油菜产量,本试验以油研2013为供试材料,在不同施肥模式下(长期不施肥、常规施肥、秸秆还田、生物炭、有机肥)对油菜农艺性状和产量进行探索。结果表明,不施肥(ck)不利于油菜径围、株高、一次性分枝数、主花序角果数、全株角果数发育及千粒重的累积;施用生物炭(C)有利于油菜径围、株高一次性分枝数、主花序角果数及全株角果数的发育;施用有机肥有利于主花序的生长,常规肥料、秸秆还田有利于千粒重的增加及干物质的累积;从经济效益来讲,增施商品有机肥成本较高,不施肥产值、产量与收益都不理想;收益较高的是秸秆还田处理,其次是常规施肥,最后是生物炭。通过其相关性分析,主花序角果数量多,全株角果数越多,其产量与产值越高;径围(株高)越大其主花序角果数(全株角果数)越多,越有利于产量与产值的提高。综上,从经济效益上建议施用秸秆还田,从生长发育及产量来说建议施用生物质炭。

Oilseed rape is one of the main oil crops in Guizhou.In order to improve the yield of oilseed rape,this experiment used Youyan2013 as the test material and explored the agronomic traits and yield of oilseed rape under different fertilization modes(no fertilization for a long period of time,conventional fertilization,straw return to the field,biochar,organic fertilizer).The experimental results showed that no fertilization was not conducive to the development of oilseed rape diameter circumference,plant height,number of branches at one time,number of corner fruits in main inflorescence,number of corner fruits in whole plant and accumulation of thousand grain weight.Application of biochar was beneficial to the development of oilseed rape diameter circumference,plant height,number of branches at one time,number of corner fruits in main inflorescence and number of corner fruits in whole plant.The application of organic fertilizer was beneficial for the growth of the main inflorescence,while conventional fertilizer and straw returning to the field are beneficial for increasing the thousand grain weight and accumulating dry matter.In terms of economic benefits,the cost of adding commercial organic fertilizer was relatively high,and the value of production,yield and returns without fertilizers are unsatisfactory;the higher returns are from straw return treatment,followed by conventional fertilizers,and finally biochar.Through the correlation analysis,the higher the number of corner fruits in main inflorescence,the more the number of corner fruits in whole plant,the higher its yield and production value;the larger the diameter circumference(plant height)the more the the number of corner fruits in main inflorescence(number of corner fruits in whole plant),the more conducive to the increase of yield and production value.In summary,it is recommended to apply straw to the field in terms of economic benefits,application of biomass charcoal is recommended in terms of growth and yield.