中国水下考古的发展与展望

Development and prospect of underwater archaeology in China

综述了中国水下考古的缘起经过、重要实践和发展历程。中国水下考古从“引进来”,经过多年实践,法律法规不断健全、工作模式不断完善、人才队伍不断壮大、事业取得跨越式发展。分析了当前水下考古现状,提出了6项发展建议:研究方向从单纯的水下考古向全面水下文化遗产保护转变;加强学科建设,完善水下考古学的学科体系;加强地球物理探测等水下考古探测关键技术的研发与创新,提高水下考古资源调查和数据获取能力;将深海技术及其他相关技术系统转化为深海考古能力;重视水下考古成果的挖掘、整理、阐释工作,推动水下考古成果的展示利用;加强国际合作。

As a new branch of science in China,underwater archaeology has a great significance to the study and elaboration of the Chinese nation's marine civilization.This paper summarizes the origin,important practice and development course of underwater archaeology in China.Due to the high attention of the country,underwater archaeology has been"introduced"into China.After years of practice,laws and regulations have been continuously improved,the working mode has been continuously improved,the talent team has been continuously expanded,and the academic discipline has achieved leapfrog development.According to the current status of underwater archaeology,six development trends are proposed:the research direction changes from simple underwater archaeology to comprehensive underwater cultural heritage protection;The disciplinary construction and the academic discipline system of underwater archaeology are continuously optimized;The development and innovation of geophysical exploration and other key underwater archaeological exploration technologies are strengthened;The ability of underwater archaeological resources investigation and data acquisition is improved;Deep-sea technology and other related technical systems are transformed into deep-sea archaeological capabilities;International cooperation is strengthened.