国外水下考古探测技术的发展趋势

The trends of underwater archaeological exploration technology outside of China

梳理了国外水下考古探测技术,包括基于声学、光学和电法的传统海洋地球物理探测技术、水下考古无人探测技术、深海考古探测技术、遥感探测技术和水下高精度探测技术,通过介绍国外7个水下考古探测技术应用的实践案例,提出国外水下考古探测技术发展的5个趋势,一是水下考古的多源探测;二是深海成为水下考古探测的重要领域;三是与大数据、人工智能技术的融合;四是水下遗址的监测与虚拟复原;五是加强国际合作与知识共享。

This paper reviews underwater archaeological exploration technologies outside of China,including traditional marine geophysical exploration technology based on acoustic,optical and electrical methods,unmanned underwater archaeological exploration technology,deep-sea archaeological exploration technology,remote sensing exploration technology and high-precision underwater exploration technology.Additionally,it introduces seven practical cases of underwater archaeological exploration technologies abroad.Five trends in the development of underwater archaeological exploration technology abroad are put forward:first,multi-source exploration of underwater archaeology;second,the increasing significance of deep-sea research in this field;third,integration with big data and artificial intelligence technology;fourth,monitoring and virtual restoration of underwater sites;fifth,international cooperation and knowledge sharing.