区域系统调查的水下考古——以渔山列岛海域为例

Practice and reflection of systematic regional survey in underwater archaeology:Taking the sea area of Yushan Islands for example

通过渔山列岛海域水下文化遗产资源调查实践,探讨了水下考古区域系统调查方法、工作流程和价值内涵。研究表明,水下考古区域系统调查方法的核心是全面性和系统性,其工作流程可以分为5个步骤:全面系统梳理背景资料—筛选水下重点调查区域—寻找水下遗存疑点—水下遗存的排查确认—水下遗存的信息采集。目前,水下考古区域调查方法还存在较大挑战,主要包括调查标准尚未统一,应用性研究缺乏;海洋地球物理探测技术有待突破;水下能见度、水深等因素影响水下探摸的效率;埋藏较深或环境复杂的水下疑点确认难度大。建议应加强水下考古区域调查方法的应用性研究;积极引入新的技术手段和设备;注重跨学科合作和国际合作与交流,不断丰富和完善区域系统调查的方法论体系。

This paper summarizes the systematic regional investigation of underwater archaeology,and probes into the method,workflow and value connotation of the regional systematic investigation in underwater archaeology through the investigation of underwater cultural heritage resources in Yushan Islands.The research points out that the core of the systematic regional investigation method of underwater archaeology is its comprehensiveness and systematicness.Its working process can be divided into six steps as follows:comprehensively and systematically combing background information-screening key underwater investigation areas-looking for doubts about underwater remains-investigation and confirmation of underwater remainsinformation collection of underwater remains-information collection of underwater remains.At present,there are still great challenges in the systematic regional survey method of underwater archaeology.In addition to the ununified survey standards and the lack of applied research,the technology of marine geophysical exploration needs to be improved.Underwater visibility,water depth and other factors also affect the efficiency of underwater exploration.It is difficult to confirm the underwater suspected target of deep burial or in complex environment.It is suggested that we should strengthen the application research of regional survey methods of underwater archaeology,actively introduce new technological means and equipment,focus on interdisciplinary cooperation and international cooperation and exchange,and constantly enrich and improve the methodological system of regional systematic investigation.