中国科技伦理治理的问题挑战及对策建议

Issues and challenges and strategies of ethical governance of science and technology in China

科技伦理是开展科学研究、技术开发等科技活动需要遵循的价值理念和行为规范。党的二十大报告提出要完善科技创新体系,加强科技伦理治理是完善科技创新体系的重要内容,也是中国实现高水平科技自立自强的重要方面。中国科技伦理治理面临增强国际科技竞争力、加强新兴科技领域伦理监管、合理平衡科技创新与伦理监管等形势和挑战,通过分析科技伦理治理存在的制度待完善、监管待健全、伦理审查待规范、各类专业支撑人才不足、科技工作者伦理意识待提高、公众和新闻媒体参与伦理治理有待加强、参与国际科技伦理治理不足等问题,提出加强中国科技伦理治理的对策建议,为中国特色科技伦理治理体系构建提供借鉴。

Science and technology ethics is a value criterion and code of conduct,which must be complied in activities of scientific research and technological development.The rapid development of emerging technology fields such as Artificial Intelligence(Al)and Synthetic Biology has brought potential ethical risks.It is a common challenge facing the world that ethical governance should be strengthened in these fields.In recent years,China has continuously accelerated the construction of a science and technology ethics governance system,including improving science and technology laws and regulations,establishing the National Science and Technology Ethics Committee.The report of the 2Oth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposes to improve the system of scientific and technological innovation.Strengthening the governance of science and technology ethics is an important way to achieve this goal.It is important for sci-tech self-reliance and self-strengthening to strengthen the ethical governance of science and technology.However,the ethics governance of science-technology in China faces some challenges and issues.There are some challenges on ethical governance of science and technology.Firstly,strengthening ethical governance in science and technology is an inevitable requirement for enhancing international technological competitiveness,but some ethical events have an impact on China's international image.Secondly,while emerging technological fields such as Al and Synthetic Biology are developing rapidly,they also bring ethical risks.Lastly,how to effectively leverage the role of technology ethics governance to better promote and ensure innovation is another challenge facing China.There are also some issues with the ethics governance of science and technology in China.Firstly,the ethics policies and regulations for science and technology in emerging fields such as AI and Synthetic Biology are incomplete.Secondly,the review and regulatory mechanism of science-technology ethics needs to be improved.Thirdly,the construction of the Science and Technology Ethics Review Committee needs to be further strengthened.In addition,the professional talents in ethics governance are lacking.What's more,the ethical awareness of science and technology workers and the public needs to be raised.Moreover,the mechanism for public participation in science and technology ethics review is lacking,and the reporting of news media should be correct.Finally,China participated less in international ethics governance of science and technology.The challenges and issues of ethics governance of science-technology in China were analyzed in this paper.Then this article proposes some suggestions to strengthen science and technology ethics governance in China.First of all,the laws and regulations system for science and technology ethics governance should be establish more quickly.Second,the regulatory mechanism for science and technology ethics should be improved.In addition,the ability level of ethic review of the Science and Technology Ethics Review Committee and the institutions or organization should be both raised.What's more,China should more actively participate in international ethics governance of science and technology.At last,there should be a better technology environment for innovation and ethics of science and technology.Further strengthen the education and publicity for science and technology ethics,particularly among science and technology workers and the public.The proposals can provide some references for formulation of a science-technology ethical governance system which is suitable for Chinese characteristics.