社会-生态网络视角下干旱区农户生计适应路径及影响机理——以甘肃省民勤县为例

Adaptation pathways and influencing mechanisms of farmers'livelihoods in arid areas from the perspective of social-ecological networks:A case study of Minqin county,Gansu province

社会-生态网络为农户生计适应过程及影响因素的研究提供了一个新的视角。基于社会-生态系统相关理论与适应能力(AC)框架,选取地处典型干旱区的民勤县为研究对象,从社会-生态网络视角切入,运用Logistic回归模型、多级行为者属性模型(Alaam)等方法,识别民勤县农户在2000年、2010年、2020年3个时间节点的生计方式变化、适应路径等,探索影响其应对与转型行为的因素及关键网络结构。结果表明:①民勤县农户生计活动以传统农业为主逐渐转变到以非农为主,生计方式呈现出非农化趋势。②维持与应对适应路径的家庭数量不断减少,而转型适应路径增多,农户生计转型趋势明显。③财富、过去的经验、风险感知是影响农户应对的关键性因素;借款、农牧多样性、年龄、参与决策是影响农户生计转型的主要原因。④同质化的社会交流、对相关联生态资源经验的共享是推动农户采取应对性行动的关键网络结构;低层次的社交网络、同质化的社会交流等社会网络结构是农户完成生计转型的微观动因。

Social-ecological networks provide a new perspective for the study of farmers'livelihood adaptation process and influencing factors.Drawing from social-ecological system theories and the framework of adaptive capacity(AC),the research focuses on Minqin county,a typical arid region,leveraging methods such as Logistic regression models,Autologistic Actor Attribute Model(Alaam),and a social-ecological network perspective to identify livelihood changes and adaptive pathways among farmers in Minqin at three specific time points(2000,2010,and 2020).The results show that:(1)The livelihood activities of farmers are gradually transformed from traditional agriculture-based to non-agricultural-based mode,and the livelihood mode shows a trend of non-agriculture.(2)The number of households in the maintenance and coping adaptation pathway is decreasing,while the transformation adaptation pathway is increasing,and there is a clear trend towards transformation of the livelihoods of farming households.(3)Wealth,past experience,and risk perception are critical factors influencing farmers'coping;borrowing,livelihood diversity,age,and participation in decision-making are the main reasons influencing farmers'livelihood transition.(4)Homogenized social exchanges,sharing of experiences on associated ecological resources are key network structures that drive farmers to take coping actions;social network structures such as low-level social networks and homogenized social exchanges are micro-motivators for farmers to accomplish livelihood transformation.