中国农村居民点空间布局优化研究综述与展望

Review and prospect of research on spatial layout optimization of rural settlements in China

中国农村居民点用地规模大、布局乱、效率低,优化农村居民点布局有利于城乡空间重构与国土空间品质提升。论文基于文献研究、归纳演绎及逻辑推演的方法,按照“概念内涵—时空格局—机制效应—思路方法—优化模式”的研究思路对农村居民点布局优化体系进行系统的文献回顾。研究明晰了不同的学科认知偏好造成的农村居民点概念内涵的差异性、丰富性与动态性,以及地理学视角下要素多元、尺度多维及系统集成的基本属性;发现了中国农村居民点空间格局的区域差异性与地理指向性特征以及整体大规模、高密度的演化趋势;归纳了影响农村居民点布局优化的自然地理、社会经济与政策制度三大类驱动因素以及产生的“社会-经济-文化-资源-生态”效应;认为“3S”空间技术、计量经济模型及大数据智能等多学科技术方法交融为农村居民点空间优化提供工具与方法基础,有效支撑了“规模管控、要素重组、结构优化和功能重塑”四种主导优化模式。未来研究应着重面向城乡融合、远程耦合和数字乡村等复杂背景,重点关注农村居民点的混杂转向特征与调控模式、城乡远程耦合与农村居民点变化的互馈机制、数字技术赋能农村居民点用地“存量盘活”与“增量管控”等核心议题。

Optimizing the layout of rural settlements has become a key element in accelerating the spatial reconstruction of urban-rural elements and upgrading the spatial quality of the national territory space.However,China's urban-rural development is significantly imbalanced during the process of rapid urbanization,and there are serious problems of large-scale,disordered layout and inefficient land use in rural settlements.Taking the layout optimization of rural settlements as the theme,through the methods of literature research,inductive deduction and logical deduction,this paper interpreted and synthesized dimensionally in terms of connotative characteristics,spatio-temporal evolution and driving mechanism,and optimization methods and modes.The results show that:(1)The concept of rural settlements has the characteristics of rich connotation,cognitive difference and dynamic evolution,and its three basic features are multi-element,multi-dimensional scale and system integration.(2)The layout of rural settlements in China has obvious regional differences and geographical orientation.Driven by the three factors of natural geographical environment,socio-economic development and policy system,the spatial pattern of rural settlements in China is holistically evolving towards large-scale and high-density agglomeration.(3)The cross-integration of multidisciplinary methods and emerging technologies represented by“3S”spatial technology analysis,econometric models and big data intelligence provides tools and methods for spatial optimization of rural settlements,effectively supporting the four dominant optimization modes of“scale control,factor restructuring,structural optimization and functional remodeling”.(4)In the future,facing the diversified and complex backgrounds of urban-rural integration,telecoupling and digital countryside,it is urgent to focus on the core issues such as the characteristics of hybridity turn and the regulation modes of rural settlements,the mutual feedback mechanism between urban-rural telecoupling and rural settlements change,and the“stock revitalization”and“incremental control”of rural settlements under the empowerment of digital technology.