东北区域性城市收缩的地理认知与治理逻辑

Geographical cognition and governance logic of regionalurban shrinkage in Northeast China

伴随全球城镇化进程的不断推进,世界范围内涌现了一批又一批的收缩型城市,给传统基于增长情景模拟的城市—区域规划范式带来了极大的冲击与挑战,也赋予了新时期中国地理学者和城乡规划工作实践者新的使命要求和责任担当。东北三省是中国人口流失最为严重、收缩城市最为集中的典型代表区,当前已呈现出十分明显的区域性城市收缩现象,如何理性认知与妥善处理这种区域性城市收缩现象(或问题),成为新时期全面落实区域协调高质量发展、全民共同富裕中国式现代化与全方位东北振兴中拟重点关注的核心科学问题。本文据此对其展开了逻辑思辨与实践探讨,首先,基于城镇化语境对区域性城市收缩本义内涵进行逻辑思辨,同时以国家整体战略目标为导向综合评判东北区域性城市收缩的合理性;其次,从区域空间关联“拉力”作用、区内城市收缩“挤出”作用和交通、通讯技术发展源于降低要素流动成本的“催化剂”作用3个层面探讨了东北区域性城市收缩的生成逻辑;最后,立足市场主导的精明收缩论和政府主导的活力再生论治理逻辑,在“区域协调高质量发展、以人为本新型城镇化、效率与公平、全面安全观”治理目标的导向下,对东北区域性城市收缩的治理模式及其治理策略从尺度异质性、发展语境关联性、要素差异化与多学科交融的视角展开了系统梳理。研究表明,区域性城市收缩是对传统城市收缩研究的延伸与扩展,其治理模式与治理策略的选择更多聚焦国家整体发展目标的落实;东北区域性城市收缩不能再单纯地将其看成是一个人口外迁的市场经济规律,背后夹带的“市场失灵”已经严重影响了习近平总书记对东北提出的“五大安全”重要使命。研究结果可为东北落实高质量发展、推进东北振兴提供参考借鉴。

In the wake of unprecedented global urbanization,an alarming trend of shrinking cities has emerged worldwide,presenting a profound challenge to conventional urban-regional planning approaches,primarily centered on growth scenarios.This trend has also bestowed upon Chinese geographers and urban and rural planning practitioners a new mandate in this evolving era.One region that exemplifies this predicament is Northeast China,experiencing the most severe population decline and the highest concentration of shrinking cities in the country.How to rationally recognize and properly deal with this phenomenon(or problem)of regional urban shrinkage has become the core scientific issue to be focused on in the comprehensive implementation of regional coordinated high-quality development,Chinese-style modernization of common prosperity for all and all-round revitalization of Northeast China in the new era.This paper delves into a logical speculation and practical discussion to understand the underlying causes and implications of regional urban shrinkage in Northeast China:Initially,it examines the original concept of regional shrinking cities within the context of urbanization,critically evaluating the rationality of such shrinkage in light of the broader national strategic objectives.Subsequently,the generation logic of regional urban shrinkage in Northeast China is explored through three key factors:the"pull"effect of regional spatial correlation,the"extrusion"effect of urban shrinkage at a regional level,and the"catalyst"effect of transportation and communication technology development in reducing the cost of factor flow.Moreover,this study draws on the market-led shrewd contraction theory and the governmentled vitality regeneration governance logic.It takes into account the governance objectives of achieving"regional coordinated high-quality development,people-oriented new urbanization,efficiency and fairness,and comprehensive security concept".With a systematic perspective that considers scale heterogeneity,development context relevance,factor differentiation,and multidisciplinary integration,the paper outlines a governance model and strategy for addressing regional urban shrinkage in Northeast China.By emphasizing the alignment of governance approaches with national development goals,this research underscores that regional urban shrinkage goes beyond a mere outcome of market-driven population migration.The presence of underlying"market failures"severely impacts the vision of the five major securities(national defense,food,ecology,energy,industry)advocated by Chinese President Xi Jinping for the Northeast China region.The findings of this study offer valuable insights to guide Northeast China's pursuit of high-quality development and contribute to the region's revitalization efforts.