天津经济技术开发区转型发展与障碍度研究

Transformation development and obstacle degree of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area

开发区作为经济发展的增长极和制度创新平台,其转型发展对于经济高质量发展和建设创新型国家具有重要意义。本文以天津经济技术开发区(泰达)为研究对象,运用转型发展水平综合评价模型测度其转型水平,运用障碍度模型挖掘与分析影响泰达转型的障碍因子。结果显示:①泰达转型发展突破了现有关于出口加工区单一形态的生命周期理论,通过由出口加工区向综合型开发区、工业新城区以及综合新城区转型升级历程,以新的形态与模式延长其生命周期。②泰达转型发展综合水平总体较低,其中2005—2013年转型发展综合水平整体呈上升趋势,2014—2019年转型发展综合水平总体上处于平稳停滞状态。③就不同阶段而言,2005—2013年转型发展的要素驱动力、效益驱动力、环境驱动力和产业驱动力较为薄弱,其主要障碍因子是利用内资力度较弱、人均GDP较低、自然环境质量欠佳和高新技术企业数量少;2014—2019年转型发展的要素驱动力、环境驱动力和创新驱动力不足,主要障碍因子是利用外资强度低、基础设施投资额和科技发展资金投入不足。据此,本文提出积极吸引外资、发挥内资主导作用、完善基础设施建设和加大科技研发投入等促进开发区经济转型的对策建议,本文对泰达以及其他开发区的转型发展与研究具有参考价值。

Development zone(area)is a growth pole of economic development and a platform for institutional innovation,and its transformation and development play an important role in developing China's high-quality economy and building an innovative country.This paper takes Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area(TEDA)as the research object,uses the comprehensive evaluation model to measure its transformation level,and the obstacle degree model to explore and analyze the obstacle factors that may affect TEDA's transformation.The results are as follows:(1)TEDA's transformation and development breaks through the limited life cycle of export processing zone(EPZ),and prolongs the life cycle with new forms and modes by transforming and upgrading the course from EPZ to comprehensive development zone,industrial new city and comprehensive new city;(2)Analysis of the overall developmental course suggests that the comprehensive transformation level of TEDA was low from 2005 to 2019,the level was on the rise from 2005 to 2013,but remained stagnant from 2014 to 2019.(3)Developmental stages are characterized by variance of development and their main obstacles.Specifically,during the period of 2005-2013,the factor-,benefit-,environmentand industry-driving forces remain relatively low,which is mainly caused by weak utilization of domestic capital,low per capita GDP,poor environmental quality,and insufficient high-tech enterprises.In contrast,during the period from 2014 to 2019,the factor-,environment-and innovation-driving forces for transformation and development are insufficient.The main obstacle factors include a decline in quality of foreign capital utilization,insufficient investment in infrastructure,scientific and technological development.Accordingly,this article raised the proposals of actively attracting foreign capital,playing the leading role of domestic capital,improving infrastructure construction to strengthen the joint protection and governance of ecological environment,increasing investment of independent innovation to promote the transformation of the development zone.The research conclusions have theoretical and reference value for the transformation development and relevant research of TEDA and other development zones.