新就业形态从业者特征及就业质量

The Characteristics of New Employment Forms and Its Quality

基于2018年中国家庭收入调查数据,全景式呈现了新就业形态从业者的特征、劳动供给水平及其就业质量。研究发现,在新就业形态快速发展初期,劳动者主要从事送快递/外卖、开网店和开网约车等,新就业形态从业者中男性显著多于女性、从业者年龄集中在29~39岁之间、低学历者更多。从新就业形态从业者的劳动供给水平来看,多数新就业形态从业者每天的工作时长为7.29~10.71小时,但也有相当比例的从业者工作时长仅为0.45~3.87小时;更多新就业形态劳动者年度工作天数大于191天;女性、35岁以下的青年以及高中以上学历者的新就业形态劳动供给水平偏低。劳动者的从业回报、劳动强度、劳动权益保护和主观福祉水平参差不齐,其影响因素包括年龄、自身健康状况、所在经济区域、从业类型以及劳动合同的签订情况等。新就业形态从业者就业质量整体有较大提升空间。

Based on the data of the 2018 China Household Income Survey,this paper presents the characteristics and scale of new employment forms in a panoramic way.It is found that in the early stage of the rapid development of new employment forms,workers are mainly engaged in delivery/takeout,opening online shops and driving online cars,etc.Among the new employment forms,men are significantly more than women,and the age of workers is concentrated between 29 and 39 years old,and more people have low education.According to the labor supply level of the new employment forms,most of the new employment form workers work 7.29~10.71 hours a day,but a considerable proportion of them work only 0.45~3.87 hours.More workers in new employment forms work more than 191 days a year.Women,young people under the age of 35,and people with a high school education or above have a low level of labor supply for new employment forms.The income,labor intensity,protection of labor rights and interests and subjective well-being of workers are different,and the influencing factors include age,health status,economic regions,employment types and labor contract signings,etc.The employment quality of new employment forms has a large room for improvement.