易地搬迁后农村老年妇女的生计困境与社会工作介入方法探讨——以鲁西北黄河滩S安置社区为例

Livelihood Difficulties of Rural Elderly Women in Relocation and Exploring Intervention Method of Social Work:A Case Based on S Resettlement Community of Yellow River Beach Area

黄河滩区移民搬迁工程能有效帮助群众走出发展的困境,但移民搬迁安置后面临的生计冲击亦不容忽视。以鲁西北黄河滩S安置社区为例,聚焦农村老年妇女这一常被认为处于弱势地位的群体,从社会性别视角分析她们的生计困境并探讨社会工作介入方法。研究发现,农村老年妇女在易地迁建中面临土地资本化、经济参与空间窄化、生活方式城镇化、金钱匮乏感加剧、非农就业与“工作—家庭”关系难平衡等困境。为回应农村老年妇女易地搬迁后独特的生计需要,社会工作者应将社会性别理念融入具体的服务方案与实务方法中,从老年妇女日常生活经验出发,通过长期陪伴式的能力建设,协助农村老年妇女经济增能,增强她们的自养能力和社会参与能力,缓解她们在易地搬迁后面临的生计压力。这将有益于易地搬迁后农村老年妇女平等权利的实现,更好地保障她们搬迁后的生活。

The relocation project in the Yellow River Beach Area can effectively help the people out of the development dilemma,but its impact on the livelihood of the migrants after relocation can not be ignored.Taking S resettlement community of Yellow River Beach Area in northwest Shandong Province as an example and focusing on the elderly women who are often considered to be vulnerable group,this paper analyzes their livelihood difficulties and discusses social work methods from the gender perspective.It is found that rural elderly women face difficulties in land capitalization,narrow space for economic participation,urbanization of life style,increasing sense of lack of money,and difficult balance between non-agricultural employment and“work-family”relationship during relocation.In order to meet the special livelihood needs of rural elderly women,this study recommends that social workers should integrate both gender mainstreaming and active aging into specific service programs and practical methods,based on their daily lives and through long-time accompanying capacity building to realize economic empowerment,enhance their capacity of self-support and social participation and alleviate the livelihood pressure during the transition time of relocation.This will be beneficial to equally realize the right of rural elderly women and ensure the smooth transition of their lives.