外用碳酸氢钠在高水平足球运动员高强度间歇训练期的试验

Experiment of Topical Sodium Bicarbonate in High-level Soccer Players during High-intensity Interval Training

碳酸氢钠对提高运动员竞技表现水平和缓解运动疲劳有较好效果,但运动员口服碳酸氢钠会有碱中毒、肠胃反应、心律失常等副作用,从而无法在竞技体育中广泛应用。研究了碳酸氢钠经皮肤外涂给药对男子足球运动员的高强度间歇训练期间血清指标和延迟性肌肉酸痛的影响。选取16名高水平男子足球运动员为研究对象,每天为其分别涂抹碳酸氢钠外用乳剂和安慰剂乳剂后,分别在7 d高强度间歇训练后对主观疲劳程度和下肢延迟性肌肉酸痛程度进行统计。对训练前后血乳酸、肌酸激酶、尿素氮、血红蛋白等血液生化指标、训练期的训练刺激量、最大心率、能量消耗、有氧和无氧训练效果指标,跑动距离、跑动速度、加速度、高速跑距离、总负荷等运动表现指标进行分析。结果表明在一次高强度间歇训练前后,实验组相比对照组,血乳酸升高数值显著降低(P<0.05),肌酸激酶升高数值增高,血尿素氮升高幅度降低;在7 d训练期,相比于对照组,实验组的下肢延迟性肌肉酸痛数值(delayed onset muscle soreness,DOMS)和自觉疲劳程度量表(rating of perceived exertion,RPE)总体水平显著降低(P<0.05),下肢DOMS数值在第2天和第6天显著下降(P<0.05);在反映训练强度和训练效果的训练刺激量(training impulse,TRIMP)数值上,实验组的总体水平高于对照组,且变化幅度更小。实验组运动员训练的无氧训练效果、运动后过量氧耗(excess post-exercise oxygen consumption,EPOC)峰值、最大心率、能量消耗相比于对照组均有所提升,其中最大心率、无氧训练效果有显著性提升(P<0.05)。可见碳酸氢钠的外涂给药可以显著降低足球运动员高强度间歇训练带来的肌肉延迟性酸痛,并显著降低高强度训练产生的血液血乳酸浓度升高,有利于高强度训练后的无氧训练效果提升,使得运动员心率储备能力和快速恢复能力增强,从而促进专项运动能力的提升。

The improvement of athletes performance and the alleviation of athlete s fatigue can be improved by sodium bicarbonate,but oral administration of sodium bicarbonate to athlete may cause alkalosis,gastrointestinal reactions,arrhythmias and other side effects in athletes,so it cannot be widely used in competitive sports.In order to investigate the effects of topical transdermal administration of sodium bicarbonate on serum indices and delayed muscle soreness during high-intensity interval training in male soccer players.Sixteen high-level male soccer players were selected as study subjects,who were required to apply sodium bicarbonate topical emulsion and placebo emulsion respectively every day,and after 7 days of high-intensity interval training,their subjective fatigue after training and delayed muscle soreness in the lower extremities were measured.The blood biochemical indices such as blood lactate,creatine kinase,urea nitrogen and hemoglobin before and after training,the amount of training stimulus during the training period,the maximum heart rate,energy expenditure,aerobic and anaerobic training effect indexes,running distance,running speed,acceleration,high speed running distance,total load and other sports performance indexes were analyzed.The results show that before and after a high-intensity interval training,the experimental group shows significantly lower blood lactate elevation(P<0.05),higher creatine kinase elevation and lower blood urea nitrogen elevation compared to the control group.During the 7-day training period,the overall lower extremity delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS)and rating of perceived exertion(RPE)levels are significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group(P<0.05),and the lower extremity DOMS values are significantly.The overall level of lower limb DOMS and RPE in the experimental group is significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the lower limb DOMS values are significantly lower on the 2nd day and the 6th day(P<0.05).The anaerobic training effect,peak excess post-exercise oxygen consumption(EPOC),maximum heart rate,and energy expenditure of the experimental group athletes training are all improved compared with the control group,among which maximum heart rate and anaerobic training effect are significantly improved(P<0.05).It is concluded that the delayed muscle soreness caused by high-intensity interval training of soccer players and the significant decrease in the increase of blood lactic acid produced by high-intensity training can be achieved by the topical administration of sodium bicarbonate.At the same time,the topical administration of sodium bicarbonate is also conducive to improving the effect of anaerobic training after high-intensity training,which enhances the athletes heart rate reserve ability and rapid recovery ability,thereby promoting the improvement of special sports ability.