生物刺激素对韭菜产量、品质和植株养分的影响

Effects of Biostimulants on Yield,Quality and Plant Nutrients in Allium tuberosum

为探究适宜设施韭菜种植的新型肥料,以独根红韭菜为试材,在等量追施氮肥条件下,研究甲壳素、氨基酸、鱼蛋白、海藻酸、腐殖酸5种生物刺激素对韭菜产量、品质、光合色素含量和植株养分的影响。结果表明:施用不同生物刺激素均能显著增加韭菜总产量和分蘖数,且腐殖酸处理的总产量和分蘖数分别比常规施氮处理增加24.40%和24.41%。不同生物刺激素处理对韭菜可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、VC含量的影响存在差异,其中2 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)腐殖酸处理效果最好,不但提高植株丙酮酸含量和叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量,而且能显著降低硝酸盐和纤维素含量。腐殖酸处理下韭菜植株中全氮、全磷、全钾含量均显著高于常规施氮和空白对照,氮肥偏生产力、农学效率和投入产出比最高。综合分析表明,2 kg·(667 m^(2))^(-1)腐殖酸处理能够实现韭菜高产、高品质的生产。

To explore and obtain new fertilizers suitable for Allium tuberosum growing in facilities,the study take single-root red Chinese chives as test materials to research the influence of 5 types of biostimulant,namely chitin,amino acid,fish protein,alginic acid and humic acid on Allium tuberosum’s output,quality,photosynthetic pigment content and plant nutrient in the condition with the same content of nitrogen fertilizers applied.The results showed that applying different types of biostimulant can significantly increase the total output and tillering number of Allium tuberosum,and the overall output and tillering number of the Allium tuberosum treated with humic acids increased by 24.40%and 24.41%respectively in comparison to those treated with common nitrogen fertilizers.The influences of different types of biostimulant on the contents of Allium tuberosum’s soluble sugars,soluble proteins and VC are different,and the humic acids with the content of 30 kg·hm^(-2) show the best treatment effect.They not only improve the contents of the pyruvic acids in plants and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves,but also significantly reduce the contents of nitrates and cellulose.The contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in Allium tuberosum treated with humic acids are significantly higher than those treated with regular nitrogen fertilizers and blank control,showing the highest nitrogen partial factor productivity,agricultural efficiency and input-output ratio.The comprehensive analysis shows that the humic acids with the content of 30 kg·hm^(-2) can realize high-output and high-quality Allium tuberosum production.