金融科技对商业银行经营效率的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Financial Technology on the Operational Efficiency of Commercial Banks

基于2013-2022年34家商业银行的面板数据和北京大学数字普惠金融指数,通过DEA-Malmquist模型测算经营效率变化水平,建立多元面板回归模型探讨金融科技与商业银行经营效率的关系。研究结果表明:(1)金融科技的发展对商业银行经营效率的提升具有显著积极影响;(2)商业银行的盈利能力、不良贷款率和资本结构等因素是促进其经营效率提升的主要力量;(3)金融科技对不同类型的商业银行经营的效率影响存在异质性,金融科技的发展能显著提升国有商业银行和农村商业银行的经营效率,但对股份制商业银行和城市商业银行的影响不显著;(4)金融科技发展能够通过降低资金成本、增加中间业务收入来促进商业银行经营效率提高。商业银行应积极面对金融科技带来的挑战与机遇,加大对金融科技的投入,重视科技人才培养,根据自身经营特点采取不同应对措施,实现转型升级;监管应重点防范金融科技带来系统性风险,为我国商业银行的发展营造健康环境。

Based on the panel data of 34 commercial banks from 2013 to 2022 and the Peking University Digital Financial Inclusion Index,this paper calculates the change level of operational efficiency through the DEA-Malmquist model,and establishes a multiple panel regression model to explore the relationship between fintech and the operational efficiency of commercial banks.The results show that:(1)the development of financial technology has a significant positive impact on the improvement of the operational efficiency of commercial banks;(2)Profitability,non-performing loan ratio,capital structure and other factors of commercial banks are the main forces to promote the improvement of their operating efficiency;(3)The impact of fintech on the operating efficiency of different types of commercial banks is heterogeneous;(4)The development of financial technology can improve the operation efficiency of commercial banks by reducing capital cost and increasing intermediate business income.The development of fintech can significantly improve the operating efficiency of state-owned commercial banks and rural commercial banks,but the impact on joint-stock commercial banks and urban commercial banks is not significant.Commercial banks should actively face the challenges and opportunities brought by financial technology,increase investment in financial technology,attach importance to the training of scientific and technological talents,and take different countermeasures according to their own business characteristics to achieve transformation and upgrading.Supervision should focus on preventing systemic risks brought by fintech and creating a healthy environment for the development of China's commercial banks.