生态篱和双膜覆盖技术对南疆棉田土壤水热盐和棉花生长的影响

Effects of Ecological Hedges and Double MembraneMulching Techniques on Soil Water,Heat and Salt andCotton Growth in Cotton Fields in Southern Xinjiang

为探索生态篱及双膜覆盖两种技术分别对南疆棉田膜内外耕层土壤水盐分布、地温变化和棉花生长的影响,本研究以新疆阿克苏地区沙雅县棉田为研究对象,生态篱技术设置生态篱处理及无篱种植处理,双膜覆盖技术设置双膜覆盖处理及单膜覆盖处理。自播种后定期开展各个处理棉田宽行、窄行及膜间耕层土壤的水分、温度、电导率、棉花出苗率、棉花产量等指标的田间调查与分析。结果表明,与无篱种植处理相比,4月14日至4月28日生态篱处理棉田土壤温度增加了3.57℃(P<0.05),土壤水分增加了2.52%(P<0.05),棉花出苗率增加了15.52%(P<0.05);棉花产量增加了13.21%(P<0.05),增收3 722.68元/hm^(2)。与单膜覆盖处理相比,4月14日至4月21日双膜覆盖棉田土壤盐分下降了17.24%(P<0.05),土壤温度增加了1.53℃(P<0.05),土壤水分增加了2.03%(P<0.05),棉花出苗率增加了18.18%(P<0.05);棉花产量增加了15.27%(P<0.05),增收4 510.15元/hm^(2)。表明生态篱技术与双膜覆盖技术能够有效提高棉田耕层土壤的含水率及温度,提升棉花出苗率,达到增产增收的效果。

In order to explore the effects of ecological hedge and double membrane mulching on soil water and salt distribution,ground temperature change and cotton growth in and around the membrane of cotton fields in southern Xinjiang,this study took the cotton fields in Shaya County,Aksu Prefecture,Xinjiang as the research object.Meanwhile,ecological hedge treatment and non-hedge planting treatment were set up by ecological hedge technology,and double membrane mulching treatment,and single membrane mulching were set up by double membrane mulching technology.Also,field investigation and analysis of soil moisture,temperature,electrical conductivity,cotton emergence rate and cotton yield in wide row,narrow row and interfilm topsoil were carried out regularly after seeding.The results showed that compared with the hedgerow treatment,the soil temperature and soil moisture of the hedgerow treatment increased by 3.57℃(P<0.05),soil moisture increased by 2.52%(P<0.05),and the seedling rate of cotton increased by 15.52%(P<0.05)from April 14 to April 28.The cotton yield increased by 13.21%(P<0.05),and the income increased by 3722.68 yuan/hm^(2).Compared with single-film mulching treatment,soil salinity of cotton field under double-film mulching decreased by 17.24%(P<0.05),soil temperature increased by 1.53℃(P<0.05),soil moisture increased by 2.03%(P<0.05),and cotton emergence rate increased by 18.18%(P<0.05)during the period from April 14 to April 21.The cotton yield was increased by 15.27%(P<0.05),and the income was 4510.15 yuan/hm^(2).The findings showed that the ecological hedge technology and double film mulching technology could effectively increase the moisture content and temperature of the soil in the topsoil of cotton field,increase the seedling rate of cotton,and achieve the effect of increasing production and income.