美国大学理念变革与创新创业教育发展

University Idea Change and Development of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education in the United States

古典大学的“象牙塔”理念一度是美国大学的办学理念。随着资本主义的发展,在科技主义与物质主义的激荡之下,大学的科学研究功能外溢效应凸显,大学的服务社会功能得以被开发,促进了美国大学与社会的紧密互动关系。从“威斯康星理念”到《拜杜法案》等法律政策体系的建立,推动了美国大学由知识探究到社会服务的功能拓展,美国研究型大学兴起并日益与政府、产业紧密合作,使美国大学成为社会“服务站”、科技创新的“动力站”。大学的人才培养模式发生相应的变革,创新创业教育得以兴起并引领了世界各国高等教育的变革。

The“ivory tower”concept of classical universities was once the philosophy of American universities.With the development of capitalism,the spillover effect of the scientific research function of universities has been highlighted under the agitation of scientology and materialism,and the social service function of universities has been developed,which has promoted the close interaction between American universities and society.The establishment of legal and policy systems such as the“Wisconsin Idea”and the“Baidu Act”promoted the expansion of the function of American universities from knowledge inquiry to social service.The rise of American research universities and their increasing close cooperation with the government and industry made American universities become social“service stations”and the“power stations”of scientific and technological innovation.The personnel training mode of universities has undergone corresponding changes,and innovation and entrepreneurship education has emerged and led the reform of higher education in the world.