智能机器的异化危机与批判向度——基于《机器。自然力和科学的应用》之思考

The Alienation of Men in AI Application and its Criticism:A Contemporary Study with“Machinery.Utilization of the Forces of Nature and of Science”

马克思《机器。自然力和科学的应用》中蕴含的机器思想对数字时代智能机器的异化问题有着重要启示作用。马克思区分机器与工具的区别,指出作为工具的机器进入自动的生产体系后,劳动与资本之间的矛盾关系变得隐蔽,科学与资本的结合是资本主义异化关系的助推器。数字时代的智能机器在现代劳动过程中发挥积极作用,同时在资本主义生产方式下产生新的异化,即机器的智能拜物教问题。客体主体化是数字时代智能机器异化问题的基本表达。从他物到自我是数字时代资本主义条件下的智能机器剥削的深入表现。通过对智能拜物教产生的资本逻辑和社会关系批判,马克思机器思想对数字时代智能机器发展的启示表明:必须坚持以数字资源的社会主义应用实现对数字智能异化的积极扬弃;以科技创新为发展动能助力智能自由的实现;以科技创新消解异化困境助力人机融合走向更高水平。

“Machinery.Utilization of the Forces of Nature and of Science”is an indispensable addition to Marx’s theory of surplus value.The idea is to unveil the secrets of exploitation in a time of mechanization.Surprisingly,we find this conclusion applies to the most recent AI revolution after 160 years passed on.In this paper we encourage the reader to recognize the distinction between human mind as a subject of intellectual activities and AI as an intellectual machinery,a distinction pertained despite the intentional obscuring of production relations through the widespread application of AI.Through Marx’s vision,we will set out the details of exploitation by AI and ultimately,by digital capitalism.Of which is achieved first by the capitalist possession of intellectual products——the means of production in the age of AI pro bono,and then by the alienation of intellectual labourer exhibited as the deprivation of their subjectivity as free thinkers.The paper concludes that to understand the capitalist mode of production in this digital age we must understand that capital fetishism has taken a new form of intellectual fetishism,and a socialist view of AI revolution must incorporate the restoration of human subjectivity in intellectual production,as it was in material production 160 years ago.