文化和旅游融合政策变迁:影响因素、组态路径及动力机制

Policy Changes of Cultural and Tourism Integration:Influencing Factors,Configuration Paths and Dynamic Mechanisms

政策是文化和旅游产业发展的主要驱动力量,对中国文旅融合政策进行系统的实证分析具有重要的现实意义和理论价值。聚焦“文旅融合政策变迁”这一主线,以多源流理论为基础,构建焦点事件冲击、旅游市场舆情、政策信号、横向竞争、组织领导层变动、政民互动民意传递7个条件变量,选取全国31省区市为案例,运用清晰集定性比较分析方法对单因素必要性和多因素组合进行分析。研究发现,公共危机、政策信号、政民互动民意传递是构成文旅融合政策变迁的核心条件。多因素组合分析共得出4条组合路径,并归纳为外压式驱动、内源性驱动、混合型驱动3种类型。最后,采用“驱动力—压力—状态-响应(DPSR)”模型构建文旅融合政策变迁动力机制。理论方面,在适应场域、解释重心和回应问题上都进行了本土化重建,推动了定性比较分析方法在旅游政策研究领域的运用,弥补了定量研究过于依赖模型假定带来的净效应评估不足。实践方面,发现文旅业需求和政府政策供给之间的缝隙,能够为未来政府制定和优化相关政策提供有效的政策建议和方针指导。

Policy is the main driving force for the development of culture and tourism.It is of great practical significance and theoretical value to conduct systematic empirical analysis on the policy of cultural and tourism integration in China.Focusing on the main theme of“policy changes of cultural and tourism integration”,and based on the multi-source theory,this paper constructs 7 conditional variables including the impact of key events,public opinion in tourism market,policy signals,horizontal competition,changes of organizational leadership,and the communication of public opinions through interaction between government and people,and selects 31 provinces and cities in China as cases to analyze the necessity of single factor and the combination of multiple factors with the clear set qualitative comparative analysis method.The research finds that public crisis,policy signals and the communication of public opinions through government-people interaction are the core conditions for the policy changes of cultural and tourism integration,and the four combination paths were obtained through multi-factor combination analysis,which can be classified into three types:external pressure drive,endogenous drive and mixed drive.Finally,a“driving-pressure-state-response(DPSR)”model is used to construct the dynamic mechanism of policy changes of cultural and tourism integration.In theory,it compensates for the insufficient evaluation of net effects caused by excessive reliance on model assumptions in quantitative research.In practice,it provides effective suggestions and guidance for the government to formulate and optimize policies.