乡村治理数字化转型的法律风险及其包容性治理

Legal Risks of Digital Transformation of Rural Governance and its Inclusive Governance

乡村治理数字化转型在有效提升治理效能的同时,也引发了包括“数字弱势群体”权利难以保障、信息隐私和数据安全风险、“公权力—私权利”失衡、责任隐匿等法律风险,这些法律风险发生的缘由在于相关治理主体思维观念滞后、制度规范欠缺、治理过程失真、数字资源配置不均等多方因素。为了提升乡村治理数字化水平,切实保障乡村治理数字化转型中“数字弱势群体”的基本权益,需要采取包容性治理策略,从“理念—制度—过程—资源”四个维度建构起包容性治理框架。理念层面,确立“以人为本”的数字包容理念;制度层面,建构包容性数字权利保障体系;过程层面,打造包容共治的数字民主机制;资源层面,促进城乡数字资源的合理分配,着力提升村民的数字能力、数字素养和法治素养。

While the digital transformation of rural governance has effectively improved governance effectiveness,it has also triggered legal risks such as the difficulty in safeguarding the rights of“digitally disadvantaged groups”,risks in information privacy and data security,imbalance between“public power and private rights”and the concealment of responsibilities,etc.These legal risks are caused by various factors such as outdated thinking and concepts,the lack of institutional norms,the distortion of governance process,and the uneven allocation of digital resources.In order to enhance the digitalization of rural governance and effectively protect the basic rights and interests of the“digitally disadvantaged groups”in the digital transformation of rural governance,it is necessary to adopt an inclusive governance strategy and construct an inclusive governance framework in the four dimensions of“concept-system-process-resources”.At the conceptual level,the concept of“people-centred”digitalinclusion should be established;at the institutional level,an inclusive digital rights protection system should be constructed;at the process level,an inclusive digital democracy mechanism should be built;at the resource level,a reasonable distribution of digital resources in urban and rural areas should be promoted,and efforts should be made to improve villagers’digital capacity,digital literacy and legal literacy.