可穿戴摩擦纳米发电纺织品:材料、制造与应用

Wearable triboelectric nanogenerator textiles:materials,manufacturing and applications

目前智能可穿戴设备大多为智能手表、手环等,具有刚性大、舒适性差和需要频繁充电的问题,难以满足人体工效学和服装舒适性的要求,无法长久穿戴实现全天候的监测。基于纺织品的摩擦纳米发电机(textile triboelectric nanogenerator, T-TENG)可集成到鞋服中作为柔性电源和自供电传感器使用,是一种理想的人体主动健康监测和执行的可穿戴器件。然而,目前报道的柔性可穿戴织物基器件大多需要经过封装处理后再集成到服装上,造成服装透气性下降。此外,目前的研究大多数处于实验室阶段,没有充分考虑T-TENG在实际使用过程中耐久性、灵敏性和稳定性等性能。本文综述了T-TENG的基本工作模式、材料选择、制造方法、集成鞋服的方式及应用场景,重点讨论了纳米纤维膜和纺织复合材料的T-TENG、纤维/纱线基T-TENG和织物基T-TENG的制备方法,提出了未来舒适型T-TENG的研发与在服饰上的集成新策略,包括T-TENG的规模化制备、T-TENG与传统服饰的一体化集成、T-TENG的监测精度与舒适性的兼容以及T-TENG的耐用性和稳定性。

At present,most smart wearable devices are smart watches,wristbands,etc.,which have the problems of high rigidity,poor comfort and frequent charging,making it difficult to meet the requirements of ergonomics and clothing comfort.They cannot be worn for a long time to achieve all-weather monitoring.Textile triboelectric nanogenerator(T-TENG)can be integrated into shoes and clothing as flexible power sources and self-powered sensors,making it an ideal wearable device for active human health monitoring and enforcement.However,most of the reported T-TENG need to be packaged and then integrated into clothing before use,resulting in a reduced air permeability of clothing.In addition,most of the current studies are in the laboratory stage,and the properties of T-TENG such as durability,sensitivity and stability in actual use are not fully considered.In this paper,the basic working mode,material selection,manufacturing method,integrated footwear and clothing mode,and application scenarios of T-TENG were reviewed.The preparation methods of T-TENG for nanofiber membrane and textile composite materials,fiber/yarn-based T-TENG,and fabric-based T-TENG were mainly discussed.New strategies for the development and integration of comfortable T-TENG in the future were proposed,including the large-scale preparation of T-TENG,the integration of T-TENG and traditional clothing,the compatibility of T-TENG monitoring accuracy and comfort,and the durability and stability of T-TENG.