近五年地榆的药理作用机制研究进展

Research progress on the pharmacological mechanism of Sanguisorba Officinalis L.in recent five years

传统中药地榆具有凉血止血、解毒敛疮的功效。现代研究对地榆的止血凝血作用、抗氧化作用、抗过敏作用、抗炎作用、抗菌作用、抗肿瘤作用、肾保护作用、升高白细胞作用等药理机制进行了广泛研究,机制明确。其中止血凝血作用机制是通过作用凝血酶及促进巨核细胞分化和血小板生成;抗氧化作用机制是上调抗氧化酶表达和清除氧自由基;抗过敏作用机制是抑制β-己糖氨酶和白介素-4的产生、释放或促进血红素加氧酶-1表达及激活;抗炎作用机制与巨噬细胞极化、聚集和迁移、脂质代谢、改善肠道菌群失调、信号传导与转录激活因子1及细胞外调节蛋白激酶激活、自噬、核因子κB/含pyrin结构域NOD样受体家族3、Toll样受体4/核因子κB、磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶—丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶/核因子κB/信号转导与转录激活因子3信号通路等相关;抗菌作用机制破坏细菌细胞壁、细胞膜结构和内部微观结构、干扰细菌总蛋白的合成、降低细胞膜流动性及改变代谢通路等相关基因表达,或抑制青霉素结合蛋白2a表达和mecA基因表达;抗肿瘤作用机制与血管内皮生长因子/磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶—丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶/雷帕霉素靶蛋白、表皮生长因子受体/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶表皮生长因子受体/磷酯酰肌醇-3-激酶—丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶/核因子κB、缺氧诱导因子1、丝裂原化蛋白激酶、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、肾素—血管紧张素/丝裂原活化的细胞外信号调节激酶/细胞外调节蛋白激酶、Wnt、自噬等信号通路及脂质磷酸酶活性相关;肾保护作用机制是抗氧化、抗炎、抗脂质过氧化、抑制肾小管上皮细胞的增殖;升高白细胞作用机制与自噬、造血系统相关通路和相关基因、造血生长因子等表达、糖代谢、氨基酸和核苷酸代谢的途径相关。在临床上用于消化道出血等出血症、过敏性紫癜及急性湿疹、烧烫伤、痤疮及压疮、急慢性肾小球肾炎等,且地榆制剂地榆升白片常用于白细胞减少症,临床效果明确,表明应用现代科学技术促进了传统中药地榆临床应用。本文对地榆的药理作用机制研究进行综述,为地榆的研究及临床应用提供参考。

Sanguisorba officinalis L.,a traditional Chinese medicine,has the efficacy of cooling blood to stop bleeding,as well as detoxifying and healing sores.The pharmacological mechanism of Sanguisorba officinalis L.has been extensively studied,such as hemostasis and clotting,anti-oxidation,anti-allergy,anti-inflammatory,antibacterial,anti-tumor,renal protection and elevating leukocytes etc.The hemostasis and clotting mechanism is through acting on thrombin,and promoting megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombocytopoiesis.The anti-oxidation mechanism is upregulating antioxidant enzyme expression and scavenging oxygen free radicals.The anti-allergic mechanism is inhibiting the production and release ofβ-hexosaminidase and IL-4,or promoting the expression and activation of heme oxygenase-1.The anti-inflammatory mechanism is related to macrophage polarization,aggregation and migration,lipid metabolism,improvement of intestinal flora imbalance,STAT-1 and ERK activation,autophagy,NF-κB/NLRP3,TLR4/NF-κB,PI3K/Akt/NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway and so on.The antibacterial mechanism is destroying the structure of cell wall,cell membrane,and internal microstructure,interfering with the synthesis of total bacterial protein,reducing cell membrane fluidity,changing the expression of metabolic pathway etc.related genes,or inhibiting the expression of penicillin binding protein 2a and gene mecA.The anti-tumor mechanism is related to VEGF/PI3K/Akt/mTOR,EGFR/MAPK,EGFR/PI3K/Akt/NF-κB,HIF-1,MAPK,Ras/MEK/ERK,Wnt,autophagy and other signaling pathways,and lipid phosphatase activity.The mechanism of renal protection is anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,anti-lipid peroxidation,and inhibiting proliferation of renal tubular epithelial cells.The mechanism of elevating leukocytes is related to autophagy,hematopoietic system related pathways and related genes,hematopoietic growth factor expression,glucose metabolism,amino acid and nucleotide metabolism.It is clinically used for hemorrhage such as gastrointestinal bleeding,allergic purpura,acute eczema,burns,acne,pressure ulcer,acute and chronic glomerulonephritis.Diyu Shengbai Pian is often used for leukopenia,and has definite clinical effect,which shows that modern science and technology promotes clinical application of Sanguisorba officinalis L.This paper reviewed the pharmacological mechanism of Sanguisorba officinalis L.,which provided references for the research and clinical application of Sanguisorba officinalis L.