不同产地初加工方式对延胡索药材品质的影响

Effects of Different Primary Processing Methods on the Quality of Corydalis Rhizoma

目的:考察不同加工方式对延胡索外观性状和内部成分的影响,筛选其合理的产地初加工方法。方法:采用晒干、阴干、冷冻干燥、热风干燥、远红外干燥及微波干燥法处理新鲜延胡索,HPLC法测定原阿片碱、海罂粟碱、延胡索乙素、延胡索甲素、盐酸巴马汀、盐酸小檗碱、去氢紫堇碱含量,色差仪测定粉末颜色,分析复水比、折干率、浸出物及外观性状。化学计量法综合评价各方法对药材品质的影响。结果:晒干延胡索外观性状最佳,生物碱含量较高,但耗时长;热风和远红外干燥耗时缩短,60℃干燥外观性状与晒干法接近,生物碱含量较高;微波干燥法耗时最短,生物碱含量最高;阴干法耗时最长,生物碱含量较低,性状差;冷冻干燥药材质轻、内部多孔松泡,生物碱总含量最低。结论:热风60℃干燥法可大幅度提高干燥效率,确保药材性状及成分含量,可用于延胡索规模化产地加工;微波干燥设备改进后应用前景广阔。

Objective:To investigate the effect of external characters and internal components contents of Corydalis Rhizoma with different primary processing,and select the appropriate primary processing.Methods:The fresh Corydalis Rhizoma was treated by sundrying,shade-drying,freeze-drying,hot air drying,far infrared drying and microwave drying methods,and the contents of seven alkaloids,including protopine,glaucine,tetrahydropalmatine,corydaline,palmatine hydrochloride,berberine hydrochloride,dehydrocorydaline were determined by HPLC.The color of powder was determined by color difference meter,the rehydration ratio,drying rate,extract content and external appearance were analyzed.The influence of each method on the quality of medicinal materials was comprehensively evaluated by chemometry.Results:Corydalis Rhizoma treated by sun-drying had the best appearance and higher total alkaloid content,but it took a long time.The dry times of hot air drying and far infrared drying were significantly decreased,and when the temperature was 60℃,the appearance was similar to that of sun-drying,and the total alkaloid content was higher.Microwave drying method had the advantages of shortest time,highest total alkaloid content.The shade-drying process took the longest time,with lower total alkaloid content and the poorest appearance.The freeze-dried herbs were light in weight,the internal texture was porous and loose,the content of total alkaloids was lowest.Conclusion:The drying method of hot air at 60℃can greatly improve the drying efficiency,ensure the characteristics of medicinal materials and the content of components,and can be used for large-scale processing of Corydalis Rhizoma.The microwave drying has wide development prospects after the equipment improved.