植源性和乳源性胞外囊泡对慢性炎症的调控机制

The Mechanism of Chronic Inflammation Regulated by Plant and Milk-derived Extracellular Vesicles

胞外囊泡(EVs)是由动、植物细胞所分泌的一种囊泡复合体,富含不同种类脂质、蛋白质和RNA等活性组分,使其具有多种生理活性。炎症是机体在外界刺激下所表现出的一种免疫反应,当促炎因子和抗炎因子比例失衡时,机体会表现为慢性炎症。研究表明,植源性EVs中的外泌体样纳米囊泡(ELNs)和乳源性EVs因内含不同种类活性组分,故可通过抑制促炎细胞因子的分泌,上调抗炎因子及免疫细胞因子的表达,延缓机体慢性炎症反应及相关炎症性疾病的发生。基于此,本文归纳多种植源性ELNs和乳源性EVs的提取及表征方法,重点探讨植源性ELNs和乳源性EVs对机体炎症的调控作用,即从抑制核因子-κB(NF-κB)、氧化应激及相关丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)通路传导,调节肠道微生物组成及促进肠道干细胞生长,调控巨噬细胞相关通路的传导等方面进行综述,为植源性ELNs和乳源性EVs生物活性相关研究提供借鉴。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are vesicle complex secreted by animal and plant cells,and exert a variety of physiological activities due to rich in multiple active components,such as lipids,proteins and RNA.Inflammation is a kind of immune response caused by the external stimulation,and chronic inflammation occurs when the balance of pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors is disrupted.Studies have shown that exosome-like nanovesicles(ELNs)in plant-derived EVs and milk-derived EVs contain different kinds of active components,which can delay the progression of inflammatory response and the occurrence of inflammation related diseases by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,and up-regulating the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and immune cytokines.Accordingly,the extraction and characterization methods of plant-derived ELNs and milk-derived EVs were summarized in this review.Importantly,their roles in regulation of inflammation from the aspects of inhibition of NF-κB pathway,oxidative stress and related MAPK pathway conduction,regulation of intestinal microbial composition and intestinal stem cell growth,and controlling of macrophage growth were explored.The review will provide reference for further exploring the biological activities of plant-derived ELNs and milk-derived EVs.