比较转录组分析质体在烟叶产量和品质形成过程中的作用

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Plastids in Tobacco Yield and Quality Formation Process

为了研究烟草产量和品质的形成机理,本研究对栽培品种‘K326’和突变材料EMSZ-18的性状进行调查,并对苗期(M)、旺长期(W)和成熟期(Z)进行了比较转录组分析。分析表明,‘K326’和EMSZ-18在农艺性状和经济性状上都有明显差异,‘K326’茎围、节距、叶长、叶宽、上等烟比例和上中等烟比例高于EMSZ-18,株高、有效叶数、产量低于EMSZ-18。转录组分析结果表明,拼接以后,共获得114 635个unigene,其中unigene最短长度为4 847 bp,最长长度为85 255 bp,平均长度为13 892 bp。114 635个unigene注释到NR、Swiss-Prot、TREMBL、CDD、Pfam和KOG数据库中,注释率达到100%。差异基因分析结果显示,在‘K326’中,上调基因数为900,下调基因数为381。在EMSZ-18中,上调基因数为1 043,下调基因数为383。Go和KEEG分析结果表明,多数差异基因参与细胞生长发育、能量代谢、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢等生物学过程,其中差异基因富集比较明显的有脂代谢、糖酵解和光合系统3个通路,如ko00460、ko00500和ko00630。本研究丰富了烟草转录组信息数据,为烟草功能基因挖掘、分子育种及品质改良等提供理论依据和资源。

In order to investigate the mechanism of yield and quality formation of tobacco, this research investigated the traits of the cultivated variety 'K326' and the mutant material EMSZ-18, and conducted comparative transcriptome analysis during the seedling stage(M), the vigorous growth stage(W), and the maturing stage(Z).The analysis showed that, 'K326' and EMSZ-18 had significant difference on the agronomic traits and economic traits. Stem circumference, internode length, leaf length, leaf width, and proportion of top grade tobacco and proportion of upper-middle-class leaves in 'K326' were significantly better than the ones in EMSZ-18, while the yield of 'K326' was lower than EMSZ-18. The results of transcriptome analysis showed that after assembling, a total of 11 463 unigenes were obtained, among which the shortest length of unigene was 4 847 bp, the longest length was 85 255 bp, and the average length was 13 892 bp. 114 635 unigene were annotated from different databases(NR, Swiss-Prot, TREMBL, CDD, Pfam and KOG) with a 100% annotation rate. Differential gene analysis showed that 900 up-regulated genes and 381 down-regulated genes were detected in 'K326'. In EMSZ-18, the number of up-regulated genes was 1 043 and the number of down-regulated genes was 383. The results of Go and KEEG analysis show that most of the differential genes were involved in biological processes such as cell growth and development, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and so on. Among them, the three pathways of lipid metabolism, glycolysis and photosynthetic system, such as ko00460, ko00500 and ko00630, had obvious differences in gene enrichment. This study has enriched the transcriptome information data of tobacco, providing theoretical basis and resources for for tobacco functional gene mining, molecular breeding and quality improvement.