云南省2020年烤烟打顶后花叶型病毒病种类调查

Investigation on Mosaic Virus Diseases of Flue-cured Tobacco after Topping in Yunnan Province in 2020

近年来,云南省部分烟区烤烟花叶型病毒病危害出现旺长前发病率低、打顶前后发病率快速上升且连片发生等新特点。为了解这些病害的病毒种类及其地理分布,本研究于2020年6月至8月在云南省8个州(市)共17个植烟县(区)采集617个表现为花叶、脉带、蚀纹和叶脉坏死等病毒病典型症状的烟草叶片样品,采用ELISA试剂盒检测烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV)、马铃薯Y病毒(Potaoto virus Y, PVY)、红辣椒脉斑驳病毒(Chilli veinal mottle virus, ChiVMV)和烟草脉带花叶病毒(Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus, TVBMV)。检出率从高至低的顺序为:TVBMV为52.51%、TMV为50.08%、ChiVMV为41.49%、PVY为14.31%。从整体上看,与往年比较发现,2020年烤烟打顶后花叶型病毒种类分布呈现出以下特点:蚜虫传播的PVY属病毒(PVY, ChiVMV, TVBMV)占优势,TMV占比下降。PVY属3种主要病毒的比例存在较大的地理差异。滇东北(昭通,曲靖北部)传统的马铃薯种植区以TVBMV和PVY为主。PVY抗病品种(‘云烟301’,‘云烟121’)表现经济有效的防治效果。滇中(昆明,玉溪)以ChiVMV和TVBMV为主,二者复合侵染普遍。滇西(大理,保山)以ChiVMV为主。多数取样点烤烟打顶至采烤期TVBMV和ChiVMV上升为优势种类。表现上述危害新特点的县(区)需要开展病毒种类检测,以便针对性制定抗病品种布局和防治措施。

In recent years, th e occurrence of viral diseases with mosaic-liked symptom on flue-cured tobacco leaves in some tobacco growing areas of Yunnan has new features: the incidence is always slow during growing stage before topping. However, a rapid and contiguous increase in incidence is observed after topping. In order to detect the pathogens of these diseases and illustrate their characteristics and distribution, 617 tobacco leaf samples with typical symptoms, such as mosaic, vein banding, etch and leaf vein necrosis(abbreviation as: mosaic-liked disease) were collected from 17 tobacco planting counties or districts in 8 cities or prefectures from June to August in 2020 and tested by using Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV), Potato virus Y,(PVY), Chilli veinal mottle virus(ChiVMV) and Tobacco vein banding mosaic virus,(TVBMV) ELISA kit, respectively. The detection rates, with a descending order, were 52.51% for TVBMV, 50.08% for TMV, 41.49% for CHIVMV and 14.31% for PVY, respectively. Summarily, the distribution of virus diseases with leaf mosaic symptom after topping in 2020 showed the following trends: aphid borne Potyvirus, such as PVY, CHIVMV and TVBMV were dominant, while the proportion of the long-term damaging TMV has decreased. The proportions of the three major viruses from potyvirus were variable in different geographic areas. TVBMV and PVY were dominant in Northeast Yunnan(Zhaotong and Northern Qujing), which are traditional potato growing areas. PVY resistant varieties(Yunyan 301, Yunyan 121)have shown economic and effective disease control effect in these areas. CHiVMV and TVBMV were the main pathogens in Central Yunnan(Kunming and Yuxi). CHiVMV is dominant in West Yunnan(Dali and Baoshan).More attentions should be paid to that the rapid infection of TVBMV and CHiVMV after topping in most sampling sites. More filed survey and virus detection of mosaic-liked disease in tobacco planting region need to be carried out to formulate disease-resistant varieties layout and targeted control measures.