第三代杂交水稻研究与实践

Research and Application of the Third-Generation Hybrid Rice

本研究介绍了以普通核雄性不育系为遗传工具的第三代杂交水稻育种的研究进展及其探索历程,阐述了第三代杂交水稻的技术特点及其应用价值。从2015年成功创制出符合水稻核雄性不育系标准的第三代杂交水稻不育系Gt1s、繁殖系Gt1S及其第三代杂交水稻组合以来,已逐步建立起较为成熟的第三代杂交水稻理论与应用体系,选育了G3s等一批第三代杂交水稻优良不育系和R17-1等一批优良恢复系;通过籼粳亚种间杂种优势利用,培育出‘三优1号’等一批强优势苗头组合在生产上示范推广。研究表明,第三代杂交水稻技术体系的建立及其生产应用将改变水稻遗传改良和生产格局,由此开创水稻育种和生产新局面。

This study introduces the research progress and exploration process of the third-generation hybrid rice breeding using common nuclear male sterile line as genetic tool, and expounds the technical characteristics and application value of the third generation hybrid rice. Ever since the advent of the third-generation hybrid rice sterile line Gt1s and its breeding line Gt1S in 2015, which marks one of its first successful adoptions in rice, third-generation hybrid rice has seen breakthroughs in both theoretical advances and practical applications. Using this system, a batch of ideal third-generation hybrid rice sterile lines such as G3s, restorer lines such as R17-1, and premier hybrid combinations such as 'Sanyou1' with excellent performance and high yield have been developed and cultivated through the use of heterosis between indica and japonica subspecies. The research shows that the establishment of the third-generation hybrid rice system and its successful application will expand the current landscape of rice genetic modification techniques, and revolutionize rice breeding and production.