生物育种与种业法律法规的比较研究

Comparative Studies on Laws and Regulations on Biological Breeding and Seed Industry

随着全球人口的增长和气候变化的挑战,提高农作物的产量和质量成为当务之急。生物育种技术,包括基因编辑和转基因技术,为解决这一问题提供了前所未有的机遇。尽管生物育种技术在全球范围内有着广泛的应用潜力,但各国在法律制定、技术接受度和市场准入等方面存在显著差异。这些差异不仅影响了技术的研发和商业化过程,也体现了不同国家在维护食品安全、保护知识产权和促进农业可持续发展方面的不同策略。然而,这些技术的发展和应用受到各国不同的种业法律法规的影响。本研究通过对美国、中国和印度的案例分析,探讨了不同国家在生物育种技术方面的法律法规差异及其背后的经济、社会和政治因素,对于理解全球生物育种技术的发展格局、制定有效的国际政策以及推动国际合作具有重要意义。

With the g rowth of global population and the challenges posed by climate change, improving crop yield and quality has become an urgent task. Biological breeding technology, including gene editing and transgenic technology, provides unprecedented opportunities to address this issue. Although biological breeding technology has broad application potential on a global scale, there are significant differences in legal formulation, technology acceptance, and market access among countries. These differences not only affect the research and commercialization process of technology, but also reflect the different strategies of different countries in maintaining food safety,protecting intellectual property rights, and promoting sustainable agricultural development. However, the development and application of these technologies are influenced by different seed industry laws and regulations in various countries. This study explores the legal and regulatory differences in biological breeding technology among different countries through case analysis of the United States, China, and India, as well as the economic, social, and political factors behind them. It is of great significance for understanding the global development pattern of biological breeding technology, formulating effective international policies, and promoting international cooperation.