种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻品种淀粉消化特性的影响

Effects of planting season on digestive characteristics of high amylose content rice

为探究早季与晚季不同种植季节对高直链淀粉水稻消化特性的影响,本研究以6个高直链淀粉水稻为供试品种,于2020-2021年进行早、晚季种植,通过体外消化模拟方法结合气象数据,研究高直链淀粉水稻在早季种植时和晚季种植时的淀粉消化特性的差异。结果表明,高直链淀粉水稻在早季种植时,灌浆期平均温度和平均辐射量比晚季种植分别高16.1%和10.1%。总葡萄糖生成量(total glucose production, TGP)和葡萄糖生成速率(glucose production rate, GPR)比晚季种植时分别降低4.1%和10.0%,而活跃消化时间(active digestion duration, ADD)增加7.8%。与晚季种植相比,高直链淀粉水稻在早季种植时直链淀粉增加3.1%,蛋白质降低8.5%。稻米RVA谱特征值中峰值黏度、最低黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、回复值和糊化温度分别增加34.4%、29.7%、51.6%、26.2%、20.6%和1.3%,而消减值降低2.6%。相关性分析表明,GPR与直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、最低黏度和最终黏度呈显著负相关关系,相关系数分别为–0.429、–0.558、–0.662和–0.439,与蛋白质含量呈显著正相关关系,相关系数为0.565。直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、最低黏度都与灌浆期的日平均温度和日平均太阳辐射呈显著正相关关系,蛋白质与灌浆期的日平均温度和日平均太阳辐射呈显著正相关关系。由此可知,高直链淀粉水稻品种在早季种植后,灌浆期日平均温度及日平均太阳辐射量增加,导致直链淀粉含量、峰值黏度、最低黏度和最终黏度增加,蛋白质含量降低,进而导致淀粉消化速率变慢。本研究结果可为高直链淀粉水稻品种淀粉消化快慢的栽培调控提供理论依据。

To elucidate the effects of planting season on the digestive properties of high amylose content rice,six rice cultivars with high amylose content were cultivated in both the early and late seasons in 2020 and 2021.The differences in starch digestion characteristics between early and late-season rice were investigated by the in vitro digestion simulation method combined with meteorological data.The results showed that the average temperature and radiation of high amylose rice in the early season in-creased by 16.1%and 10.1%,respectively,compared to the late season.Moreover,compared to the late-season planting,the total glucose production(TGP)and glucose production rate(GPR)decreased by 4.1%and 10.0%,respectively,while active digestion duration(ADD)increased by 7.8%.Additionally,compared to late-season planting,early-season planting resulted in a 3.1%in-crease in amylose content and an 8.5%decrease in protein content.The peak viscosity,through viscosity,breakdown value,final viscosity,consistency viscosity,and pasting temperature of the rice RVA spectrum increased by 34.4%,29.7%,51.6%,26.2%,20.6%,and 1.3%,respectively,while the setback value decreased by 2.6%.Correlation analysis revealed that GPR showed nega-tive correlations with grain amylose content,peak viscosity,minimum viscosity,and final viscosity,with correlation coefficient values of -0.429,-0.558,-0.662,and -0.439,respectively.However,GPR exhibited a highly positive correlation with protein content,with a correlation coefficient of 0.565.Amylose content,peak viscosity,and minimum viscosity showed positive correla-tion with the daily mean temperature and daily mean solar radiation during grain filling.The final viscosity showed a positive correlation with the average daily temperature during the grain-filling period.In conclusion,compared to late-season planting,early-season planting of high amylose rice varieties resulted in increased daily average temperature and daily average solar radia-tion during the filling period,leading to increased amylose content,peak viscosity,minimum viscosity,and final viscosity,as well as a decrease in protein content,which further contributed to a slower starch digestion rate.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation regulation of starch digestion speed of high amylose rice varieties.