高密度直播对油菜冷榨菜籽油品质的影响

Effect of high density planting on the quality of cold pressed rapeseed oil

为明确高密植对冷榨菜籽油品质的影响,本研究选用6个株型差异较大的油菜品种(系),采用45万株hm^(–2)和75万株hm^(–2) 2个密度种植,油菜成熟后收获籽粒冷榨,分析菜籽油理化指标、脂肪酸组成和典型脂质伴随物的含量。结果表明,与45万株hm^(–2)相比,在75万株hm^(–2)密度条件下,6个油菜品种(系)籽粒含油量、菜籽油叶绿素含量、红值、过氧化值和酸价增加,均值分别为4.67%、65.28%、22.16%、30.36%和7.23%,但均符合国标一级菜籽油质量标准;不饱和脂肪酸含量增加幅度为0.02%~4.26%,类胡萝卜素和极性总酚含量增加幅度分别为0.52~4.54mg kg^(–1)和1.18~12.06 mg 100 g^(–1);川油20和华油杂62两品种冷榨菜籽油中的生育酚和植物甾醇含量均有提升。综合评价结果表明,不同株型油菜冷榨食用油品质形成对不同种植密度的响应规律不同,不同高度和叶型油菜在75万株hm^(–2)种植密度下的冷榨菜籽油品质优于45万株hm^(–2),其中川油20和华油杂62在75万株hm^(–2)密度下的综合品质较优。本研究结果可为油菜密植、优质菜籽油原料的品种选育及生产提供参考。

In order to determine the effect of high density planting on the quality of cold-pressed rapeseed oil,six rapeseed varie-ties with significantly different plant architectures were selected and planted with 450,000 plants hm^(-2) and 750,000 plants hm^(-2).The mature seeds were harvested and cold-pressed,and the physicochemical indexes,fatty acid composition,and typical lipid concomitants contents of rapeseed oil were analyzed.The results showed that compared with 450,000 plants hm^(-2),the oil content,chlorophyll,red value,peroxide value,and acid value under the density of 750,000 plants hm^(-2) increased on average by 4.67%,65.28%,22.16%,30.36%,and 7.23%,respectively.But all of them met the national standard gradeⅠrapeseed oil quality stan-dard.Under the density of 750,000 plants hm^(-2),the contents of unsaturated fatty acids increased by 0.02%-4.26%,and the con-tents of carotenoid and polar total phenol increased by 0.52-4.54 mg kg^(-1) and 1.18-12.06 mg 100 g^(-1),respectively.At the same time,the contents of tocopherol and phytosterol of‘Chuanyou 20’and‘Huayouza 62’were increased.Comprehensive evaluation results showed that the quality of cold-pressed oil obtained from different plant architectures of rapeseed was different in response to the two planting densities.The quality of cold-pressed oil obtained from different heights and leaf types of rapeseed was better than 450,000 plants hm^(-2) under the density of 750,000 plants hm^(-2),among which the comprehensive quality of“Chuanyou 20”and“Huayouza 62”was superior under the density of 750,000 plants hm^(-2).Thus,the results of this study can provide a reference for the density planting,variety breeding,and the production of high-quality rapeseed oil raw materials.