区域经济发展中的虹吸效应与囚徒困境——以中部六省为例

The Siphon Effect and Prisoner’s Dilemma in Regional Economical Development:A Case Study of the Six Central Provinces of China

发展不平衡是中国当前面临的主要矛盾之一,它不仅体现在区域间的不均衡,也存在于特定区域内,例如中部六省之间的差异。省会城市作为省域内政治、经济和文化的核心,是推动省域经济增长的关键引擎,其发展状况对整个区域的发展具有深远的影响。中部六省的发展分化在很大程度上可以归因于虹吸效应和囚徒困境现象。相对发达的省份,尤其是那些发展迅速的省会城市,会虹吸相对落后省份的资源。这导致人才、资金和物资等资源从落后地区省份流向发达地区,从而对后者的发展构成不利影响。此外,随着一些省份实施以强化省会城市为核心的“强省会”战略,地方政府之间开始显现出明显的“囚徒困境”特征,即当一个省份致力于扩大其省会城市的规模和影响力时,邻近省份为了不失去竞争力,也被迫采取相似的策略,以防止资源流失。基于中部六省80个城市的面板数据的实证分析也证实了虹吸效应的存在。特别是江西省,其省会城市首位度在过去十年左右呈现下降趋势,在吸引人口、人才、金融和产业等关键资源方面的能力明显不如其他省份,这是其经济发展相对滞后的关键因素之一。因此,为了缩小与邻近省会城市的经济差距,那些省会城市首位度较低的省份需要加强省会城市的建设,以集聚更多资源于本省,并尽可能吸引邻近省份的资源。

Unbalanced development is one of the primary contradictions currently faced by China,manifesting not only in the imbalances between regions but also within specific areas,such as the differences among the six provinces in central China.As the political,economic,and cultural hubs within their provinces,provincial capitals are the key engines driving regional economic growth,and their development can significantly impact the progress of the entire area.The development divergence among the six central provinces can largely be attributed to the siphon effect and the prisoner’s dilemma phenomenon.The relatively developed provinces,especially those rapidly growing provincial capitals,will tend to siphon resources from those less developed provinces.This will lead to the flow of talents,capital,and materials from less developed regions to more developed ones,adversely affecting the development of the latter.Moreover,as some provinces implement“strong provincial capital”strategies centered on strengthening their capitals,local governments have begun to exhibit the clear characteristics of the prisoner’s dilemma between them.That is,when one province strives to expand the scale and influence of its capital,the neighboring provinces,in order not to lose their competitiveness,are also compelled to adopt the similar strategies to prevent the loss of their resources.The empirical analysis based on the panel data from 80 cities in the six central provinces also confirms the existence of the siphon effect.Particularly in Jiangxi Province,the decline in the primacy of its capital city over the past decade has significantly reduced its ability to attract the key resources such as population,talents,finance,and industry,compared to other provinces,which is a key factor in its relatively lagging economic development.Therefore,in order to narrow the economic gap with their neighboring provincial capitals,the provinces with lower capital city primacy need to enhance the construction of their capitals to gather more resources within their province and,if possible,attract resources from their neighboring provinces.