中国妇女解放话语中的“家务劳动光荣”与性别关系再造(1956-1958)

“Glorious Domestic Labor” and the Reconstruction of Gender Relations in Chinese Women’s Liberation (1956-1958)

本文以自上而下的政策解读视角考察1956-1958年间中国共产党的“家务劳动光荣”话语与社会主义性别关系构建。社会主义制度基本确立后,面对城市家庭妇女参与社会工作的迫切要求、国家工业化建设对家庭再生产职能的需求以及社会主义革命的塑造社会主义新人、构建新型性别关系的政治任务,中国共产党在多方力量博弈的夹缝中,通过对家务劳动的理论化论述及妇女模范的形象塑造,构建起一套“家务劳动光荣”话语,从而给予城市家庭妇女与男性一样的“社会主义劳动者”身份,在“服务于社会主义建设”的共同目标下促进两性团结。这是一个迥异于西方女权运动的阶级主体、劳动者主体的生成过程,也是一个两性携手服务于国家建设的过程。

Taking a top-down political view,this paper researches the construction process of“Glorious Domestic Labor”and socialist gender relations in 1956-1958,focusing on the relationship between women and men,family and country in this process.It is found that after the establishment of the socialist system,the state,by defining the position of domestic labor in the socialist production system,set domestic women as a labor subject of socialist construction,and further transformed the traditional gender relationship of outer men and inner women into the socialist revolutionary alliance.It finally directs to a unique path of women's liberation which attracts men and women to the common interests(also the national interests)to serve the socialist construction and create internal consultation space for both men and women and narrow the gender gap under the union of the same class.The rediscovery of the historical heritage of Chinese women's liberation will help to break the gap in Western feminist discourse and make the theoretical resources and complex practices of the Chinese revolution reappear in the academic fields.