国际能源安全治理体系重塑及中国的应对

Reshaping the International Energy Security Governance System and China's Response

气候变化和地缘政治冲突背景下,国际能源安全治理体系持续失衡并呈现不稳定状态,主要表现为能源价格治理机制的波动与油价震荡、能源安全治理的议题扩散、能源安全禀赋结构的变化以及供应链转移等现象,使得当下全球能源治理格局呈现出清洁能源地缘政治属性弱化、主流石油资产低成本及低风险化、跨国及区域电网崛起、能源资源富集国权力强化等特点。究其原因,复合因素导致了国际能源安全治理体系的失衡,其中既有地缘政治竞争、能源武器化、供应链半球化等人为因素,亦有气候变化、技术变革等非人为因素。其中,气候变化是影响全球能源安全治理体系的长期变量,俄乌冲突等地缘政治事件是影响全球能源安全治理体系的即时变量,欧盟等行为体寻求脱离化石能源需求体系的努力则导致能源安全治理体系加速变化,而能源武器化推动了全球能源格局的重塑。当前中国正面临着高对外依存度、高化石燃料依存度、低能源金融话语权等风险,以及进口通道风险加大和节点地区动荡等地缘安全问题的多重挑战。为此,中国应重视能源韧性建设与能源外交,加强多边多层次的能源安全治理合作,积极提供全球能源安全公共产品,以人类命运共同体建设为目标来提升在国际能源安全治理中的制度权力。

Under the background of climatechange and geopolitical conflicts,the international energy security governance system continues to be imbalanced and unstable,which is mainly manifested in the fluctuation of the energy price governance mechanism and the oil price shock,the proliferation of energy security governance issues,the change of energy security endowment structure and the transfer of supply chain,this has led to the current pattern of global energy governance being characterized by the weakening of the geopolitical attributes of clean energy,the lowcost and low-risk nature of mainstream oil assets,the rise of transnational and regional power grids,and the strengthening of the power of energy resource-rich countries.In terms of causes,the imbalance in the international energy security governance system is due to a combination of factors,ranging from man-made factors such as geopolitical rivalry,the weaponization of energy and the hemispherization of the supply chain,to non-man-made factors such as climate change and technological change.Among these factors,climate change is a long-term variable affecting the global energy security governance system,geopolitical events such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict are immediate variables,efforts by actors such as the European Union(EU)seeking to disengage from the fossil energy demand system have led to accelerated changes in the energy security governance system,and the weaponization of energy is contributing to the reshaping of the global energy landscape.China is currently facing multiple challenges,from high external dependence,high fossil fuel dependence to low energy finance discourse,as well as Geopolictical security issues,such as increased risks in import corridors and volatility in nodal regions.In this regard,China should pay attention to energy resilience building and energy diplomacy,strengthen multilateral multi-level energy security governance cooperation,actively provide global energy security public goods,and enhance its institutional power in international energy security governance with the goal of building a global community of shared future.