相互副词和对称性动词的共现限制及相互范畴的事件语义分析

The Co-occurrence Restrictions Between Reciprocal Adverbs and Symmetric Verbs and the Event Semantics Analysis of Reciprocity

在现代汉语中,相互义可由副词“相互、互相”和对称性动词如“交换、结婚”两类范畴表达。这两类范畴可共现,过去认为二者共现是一种表达上的羡余现象,这一观点无法解释为什么二者的共现存在一定限制(相互交换|*相互结婚)。本文基于一定规模的词例考察,将共现限制归纳为“动态动词的多事件交互情景条件”。这一限制源于两类范畴的相互义性质不同:对称性动词编码单一事件内的对称施受关系,其相互义是一种词汇语义特征;而副词“相互/互相”的功能是加合多个互逆的单向施受关系/单向视角关系,其相互义是一种算子性语义。作为互逆关系的加合算子,“相互/互相”与对称性动词组合时带来了事件/视角的复数化。

In modern Chinese,the reciprocal meaning can be expressed by two categories:adverbs xianghu and huxiang,and symmetric verbs such as jiaohuan,jiehun,etc.It is possible for these two categories to co-occur,which was analyzed as redundancy in expression.However,this view cannot explain why there are some restrictions on their co-occurrence.By investigating a certain number of examples,this paper generalizes the restriction as“multi-event mutual scenario for dynamic verbs”.This restriction is derived from the different nature of reciprocal meaning between the two categories.Symmetric verbs encode symmetric agent-patient relations in a single event,which is a lexical semantic property,while adverb xianghu/huxiang serves to sum up multiple inverse events or inverse perspectives,which is a kind of operator semantics.As a joint operator on inverse relations,xianghu/huxiang pluralizes events/perspectives when combined with symmetric verbs.