从否定到轻说——以“没什么”为例

From Negation to Understatement: Taking Meishenme as an Example

轻说就是把事情往小里、轻里、低里说,本质是言者为降低听者对事件的重视程度而实施的一种言语行为。完整的轻说语篇由主题事件、轻说标记、轻说理据构成,该行为的核心要素是“影响力”,实施条件遵循一系列语用规律。“没什么”用来否定事物的存在或事件的发生,当被否定的对象由概念域转移到心理域时,言谈中心从对量或质的否定转向对重要性的否定,轻说功能由此浮现,除了表达言者的主观性,还对听者具有语力。当听者表达出明显的意外情感时,言者可通过轻说行为达到反意外的目的,促使“没什么”的意义在该语境中发生转化。

Understatement is a speech act performed by the speaker to reduce the listener’s emphasis on the event,with the core element being influence.A complete understatement discourse is composed of thematic events,understatement markers,and understatement reasoning,following a series of pragmatic rules.Meishenme is used to negate the existence of things or the occurrence of events.When the object being negated shifts from the conceptual domain to the psychological domain,the focus of speech shifts from negating quantity or quality to negating importance,and the function of understatement emerges.In addition to expressing the speaker’s subjectivity,it also has pragmatic power over the listener.When the listener expresses obvious unexpected emotions,the speaker can achieve the purpose of counter-mirativity by understatement,promoting the transformation of the meaning in that context.