从意愿强度到亲涉表达:“宁愿、宁可、只好”的异同研究

From Volition Intensity to Egophoric Expression:A Comparative Study on Ningyuan,Ningke,and Zhihao

本文对意愿类副词“宁愿、宁可、只好”进行比较研究,借助亲涉范畴讨论它们在句法表现上的异同,同时说明意愿强度对亲涉编码的影响作用。我们先探讨了这组意愿类副词在意愿强度上的差异,得到“宁愿>宁可只好”的意愿强度等级序列;进而考察了强意愿副词“宁愿”和弱意愿副词“只好”的不对称句法分布,发现二者在人称、句类的分布上以及与估知类标记词的共现上都存在差异,由此说明了它们在亲涉编码上的不同,即前者可以编码亲涉意义,而后者则不能编码亲涉意义。我们还继续对比了强意愿副词“宁愿、宁可”的句法分布差异,揭示了不同意愿强度所带来的亲涉程度差异。总之,结合亲涉范畴,我们可以对这几个副词的句法分布异同做出统一的解释,还可以进一步说明汉语中意愿性与亲涉性之间的相关性。

This paper conducts a comparative study on the volitional adverbs,such as ningyuan,ningke,and zhihao,and discusses their similarities and differences in syntactic expression using the category of egophoricity.At the same time,it explains the impact of volition intensity on egophoric encoding.Firstly,the differences in the volition intensity of this group of volitional adverbs is explored and a volition intensity hierarchy is obtained:ningyuan>ningke zhihao.Furthermore,the asymmetric syntactic distribution of the strong volitional adverb ningyuan and the weak one ningke is examined,and it is found that there are differences in the distribution of person and sentence type,as well as in the co-occurrence with evaluative markers,which proves the differences in their egophoric encoding:the former can encode the egophoric meaning,while the latter cannot.The syntactic distribution differences between the strong volitional adverbs ningyuan and ningke are also investigated,revealing the differences in the degree of egophoricity caused by different volition intensities.In short,the paper provides explanation for the syntactic distribution of volitional adverbs by egophoricity,and further explains the correlation between volitionality and egophoricity in Modern Chinese.