新时代公民受教育权:内涵发展、多重挑战与权利救济——基于对《教育法》第77条的再思考

Citizens’Right to Education in the New Era:Connotation Development,Multiple Challenges and Rights Remedies--Based on reflections onArticle 77 of the Education Act

新时代公民受教育权的内涵发展具有权利与义务的统一性、自由权与社会权的协调性、公法与私法的融合性、公平与优质的一致性,反映出新时代我国教育发展的基本方向。然而,新时代公民受教育权的实现面临着诸多新挑战,对公民受教育权的公法救济较为乏力、私法救济过于模糊、学籍恢复制度的实践操作缺乏足够法律依据,因此,单靠传统意义上对受教育权的保障已无法适应新时代公民对优质教育提出的新诉求。通过探索编纂《教育法典》对受教育权进行体系化保障、建立以教育民事诉讼为主导的受教育权诉讼救济制度、构建基于教育公益诉讼的受教育权特别救济制度、完善学籍恢复制度等途径,实现对新时代公民受教育权的有效保障,推进公民受教育权实现的法治化。

The connotation development of citizens’right to receive education in the new era embodies the unity of rights and obligations,the coordination of freedom rights and social rights,the integration of public law and private law,and the consistency of fairness and quality.This reflects the basic direction of China’s education development in the new era.However,the realization of citizens’right to education in the new era is faced with many new challenges.The public law remedies for citizens’right to education are relatively weak,while the private law remedies are too vague,and there is a lack of sufficient legal basis for the practical implementation of the system for reinstating academic records.Therefore,traditional methods of safeguarding the right to education are no longer adequate to meet the new demands for high-quality education posed by citizens in the new era.By exploring the codification of an Education Code to provide systematic protection of the right to education,and establishing a litigation relief system for the right to education with civil litigation as the mainstay,we can achieve effective protection of citizens’right to education in the new era and promote the rule of law in realizing the citizens’right to education.