健康权政府保障职责的扩张、挑战与应对

Expansion,Challenges,and Responses to the Government’s Responsibility to Ensure the Right to Health

健康权作为一种积极权利,其实现依赖政府充分履行保障职责。随着健康权内涵的拓展以及有效政府理论的提出,健康权的政府保障职责在传染病防治、健康保护和健康促进三大领域均呈现出扩张之势。当前中国政府在履行健康权保障职责时面临着两大挑战:一是职责扩张与权力控制的紧张冲突,二是健康治理的形势复杂而严峻。为此,政府在履行健康权保障职责时应兼顾法治价值与健康价值,在对健康权提供全方位全周期的保障同时,避免对个人权利的过度侵害。为实现这一目标,中国政府未来需要将保障公众健康作为政府的核心职责,提升基层公共卫生服务能力与公平性,将健康保障的重点拓展至慢性病防控领域,建立多元而高效的健康风险治理机制,并且完善相应的监督与救济制度。

As a positive right,the realization of the right to health relies on the government fully carrying out its responsibility to safeguard it.With the expansion of the connotation of the right to health and the proposal of effective government theory,the government’s responsibility to safeguard the right to health has shown an expanding trend in the three major fields of infectious disease prevention and control,health protection,and health promotion.The current Chinese government is facing two major challenges in fulfilling its responsibility to safeguard the right to health:first,the tense conflict between responsibility expansion and power control,and second,the complex and severe situation of health governance.Therefore,when fulfilling the responsibility of safeguarding the right to health,the government should balance the values of the rule of law and health,provide comprehensive and full cycle protection for the right to health,and avoid excessive infringement of individual rights.To achieve this goal,the Chinese government needs to make safeguarding public health its core responsibility in the future,enhance the capacity and fairness of grassroots public health services,expand the focus of health security to the field of chronic disease prevention and control,establish a diverse and efficient health risk governance mechanism,and improve corresponding supervision and relief systems.