论米兰·昆德拉小说中“存在密码”的诗性形式——以《不能承受的生命之轻》为例

On the Poetic Form of“Existential Code”in Milan Kundera’s Novels--With reference to The Unbearable Lightness of Being

“存在密码”诗性形式的背后是米兰·昆德拉为“哲理诗化”开创的一套隐含了其价值观和方法论的小说诗学体系。其中包含对小说运思原则的强调:一是小说中的哲学思考应当具有不确定性,呈现为思索过程的价值;二是小说中的哲学思考应当具有情境性,表现为“具体的形而上学”;三是小说中的哲学思考在小说史上应当具有实现“发现的延续”的价值。此外,这套体系还包含了昆德拉将上述运思原则运用至小说创作实践的方法即“存在密码”的种种诗性形式,包括从“存在密码”的雏形、命名再到修正的整个过程。

Behind the poetic form of“existential code”is a poetic system of fiction created by Kundera for“poeticization of philosophy”,which implicitly encompasses his values and methodology.This includes an emphasis on the principles of novel thinking:Firstly,the philosophical thinking within the novel should have uncertainty,manifesting as the value of the thinking process;Secondly,the philosophical thinking in the novel should have situational relevance,manifested as“specific metaphysics”;Thirdly,the philosophical thinking in the novel should have the value of achieving the‘continuity of discovery’in the history of fiction.In addition,this system also includes Kundera’s method of applying the above-mentioned thinking principles to novel creation,that is,various poetic forms of“existential code”,including the whole process from the prototype,naming and revision of“existential code”.