课程治理体制改革的法国经验及启示

French Experience and Enlightenment of Curriculum Governance System Reform

教育治理的关键在于课程治理,课程治理体制是教育治理的核心。关于课程治理体制的研究与改革,主要表现为集权制与分权制的纷争。在集权制与分权制之间“选边站”,成为课程治理体制研究与改革的基本样态,并使课程治理体制研究与改革陷入困境。法国是典型的中央集权制国家。在法国课程改革发展历程中,始终以强化集权制为主线,以统一学校、统一课程为主题。随着教育民主化运动的推进,法国课程体制也在不断修正与调适,在坚持中央集权体制的基础上赋予地方、学校、教师一定的课程决策权以及学生的选择权,实施统一化与多样化相结合的课程治理体制。法国对集权制课程治理体制的改革并没有完全走向分权制,较好地解决了集权制与分权制的融合问题,为破解集权制与分权制的纷争及摇摆提供了法国方案与法国经验。

The key of educational governance is curriculum governance,and curriculum governance system is the core of educational governance.The research and reform of curriculum governance system mainly manifests in the dispute between centraliza tion and decentralization.Choosing one side has become a fundamental pattern of the research and reform of curriculum governance system and has led to dilemmas.France is a typical centralized country.During curriculum reform in France,the main focus has always been strengthening centralization with the theme of unifying schools and curriculum.With the advancement of educational democratization movement,French curriculum system is constantly being revised and adjusted.On the basis of adhering to centralized system,it gives local governments,schools and teachers certain decision-making right and student choosing right and implements unified and diversified curriculum governance system.The reform has not completely moved towards a decentralized system,which has solved the int egration problem bet ween centralized and decentralized systems and provided a French solution and experience for resolving the disputes and uncertainties between them.