基于活动理论的社区参与式设计研究——以大鱼社区营造发展中心为例

RESEARCH ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATORY DESIGN BASED ON ACTIVITY THEORY—A CASE STUDY OF BIG FISH COMMUNITY DESIGN CENTER

在社会原子化背景下,社区参与式设计被视作设计学科介入社会问题的有效途径,但当下相关研究主要关注对参与式设计和共创工具的本土化运用,缺少对社区参与活动的进一步剖析和策略创新。运用文献研究、跨学科研究,引入活动理论以探讨社区参与活动的内涵、问题与挑战。同时从活动视角分析大鱼营造案例,总结工具、空间和制度等维度下的社区参与式设计方法。构建了基于活动理论的社区参与式设计框架(Activity Theory-based Model of Community Design,ATMCD),从社区符号、参与机制和参与基础设施三方面提出对应的社区设计策略。基于活动理论的社区设计框架(ATMCD)和策略能够为我国社区设计和基层治理提供理论指导和方法支持。但对社区运营模式创新、社区参与工具包开发、居民参与能力建设、社区设计项目评估的研究有待进一步完善。

In the context of social isolation,community-centered design serves as an effective way to intervene such social issues.However,most of current research focus on the localized usage of participatory design and collaborative design tools,which calling for the further research of community participatory action itself.Utilizing a combination of literature review,interdisciplinary research,and case study methods,an activity theory focusing on sociocultural contextual analysis is introduced to explore the implications,issues,and challenges of participatory activities in community design.A framework for community participatory design(ATMCD)based on activity theory is constructed,and corresponding community design strategies are proposed in terms of community symbols,participatory mechanisms and participatory infrastructures.ATMCD and community design strategies can provide theoretical guidance and methodological support for participation support and selfgovernance in China.However,the research on the innovation of community operation model,development of community participation toolkit,capacity building of residents’participation,and evaluation of community design projects still needs to be further improved.