湖南祁东方言中的近代汉语词例释

Exemplification of Modern Chinese Words in Qidong Dialect,Hunan Province

祁东方言保留了一定数量的近代汉语词。选取祁东方言中常用的且比较特殊的18条近代汉语词,阐释这些词语在方言中的意思,并找出它们在近代文献中的用例。研究发现,它们有的直接承传于近代汉语,无论是词形还是词义都保持一致,有的词语则发生了一定程度的变异。后者又可以分为两种情况:一是义项分合不一,存在交叉现象;二是词义发生转移,两者的所指有所不同。深入探讨这些近代汉语词,对于祁东方言的词汇研究、湘方言的词汇历史比较研究,乃至汉语词汇史的研究,都具有重要意义。

The Qidong dialect retains a certain number of modern Chinese words.Select 18 commonly used and relatively special modern Chinese words in the Qidong dialect,explain their meanings in the dialect,and find out their usage examples in modern literature.The study found that some of them are directly inherited from modern Chinese,maintaining consistency in both word form and meaning,while others have undergone some degree of variation.This can be divided into two situations:one is that the meaning items are not divided and there is a cross-over phenomenon;Secondly,the meaning of the words has shifted,and the referents of the two are different.In-depth exploration of these modern Chinese words is of great significance for the study of the vocabulary of the Qidong dialect,the comparative study of the vocabulary history of the Xiang dialect,and even the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary.