认知语言学视域下的单字为训研究——以东汉高诱注释中的“止”字为例

Research on“Danziweixun(单字为训)”from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics——Taking the Character“Zhi(止)”in the Annotated Corpus of the Eastern Han Dynasty’s Gao You as an Example

单字为训作为注释语料中最常见的训释方式,在本质上反映了古人是如何通过心智范畴的建立来认知世界的。在认知语言学视角下,从语义框架、原型范畴和边缘范畴、语义场焦点分布三个方面,对单字为训注释语料进行研究。以《吕氏春秋》高诱注释中的“止”为例,当“止”作为训释词时,凸显的是其原型特征即“停止”义,或者说是其核心义;而当“止”作为被释词时,则展示了“止”的语义框架中的部分概念槽与填充项。在部分—整体图式、连接图式、容器图式等意象图式的联合作用下,“止”形成一个由原型——边缘的模糊认知域。在单字为训的注释语料中,高频训释词的原型范畴是不同被释词语义范畴的交叉点。训释词能否完全替代被释词,则取决于构成它们的认知模型是完全相同还是部分相同。

As the most common annotation method in annotated language materials,single character annotation essentially reflects how ancient people recognized the world through the establishment of mental categories.From the perspective of cognitive linguistics,this study examines“danziweixun(单字为训)”from three aspects:semantic framework,prototype category and edge category,and semantic field focus distribution.Taking the character“zhi(止)”in the annotated corpus of the Eastern Han Dynasty’s Gao You as an example,when“zhi(止)”is used as an explanatory word,it highlights its prototype feature of“stop”meaning,or rather its core meaning;When“zhi(止)”is used as the interpreted word,it displays some conceptual slots and fillers in the semantic framework of“zhi(止)”.Under the joint action of imagery schemas such as partial holistic schema,connected schema,and container schema“,zhi(止)”forms a fuzzy cognitive domain consisting of prototypes and edges.In annotated corpora with single character training,the prototype category of high-frequency explanatory words is the intersection of semantic categories of different interpreted words.Whether explanatory words can completely replace the interpreted words depends on whether their cognitive models are completely or partially identical.