“但愿”立场语义的形式呈现及相关现象

The Manifestation of the Stance-taking Function of“Danyuan”

语用标记“但愿”表达了言者的负面认识立场和正面情感立场。前者指言者认为“但愿”的后续小句p所示命题为真的可能性较低,后者指言者对命题p成真持高度期盼心理。这种[+低可能性]和[+高期盼性]的立场语义决定了“但愿”在句法分布上经常与情态动词、“唯恐”类心理动词、祝祷动词、“阿弥陀佛”类呼语共现,在语篇分布上经常与排除小句、代价小句、目标小句、好评小句共现。

“Danyuan”as a pragmatic marker in Chinese expresses a speaker’s negative epistemic stance and positive emotional stance.The former means that a speaker thinks proposition p is probably false,while the latter means that a speaker really hopes that proposition p is true.The function of“danyuan”to express a speaker’s negative epistemic stance and positive emotional stance determines the syntactic and textual distribution of“danyuan”,such as textual co-occurrence with a clause meaning expense or fundamental goal for some wish to come true,excepting of others wishes,or speaker’praise towards a target situation,syntactical co-occurrence with a modal verb,psychological verb meaning“fear”,action verb meaning“prayer”,“Amitabha Buddha”as a vocative and“Er/Eryi”as a particle,etc.