无表面活性剂微乳液制备导电聚苯胺及对有机材料的包覆性能

Preparation of conductive polyaniline by surfactant-free microemulsion and its coating properties on organic materials

在水、乙醇、二氯甲烷构成的无表面活性剂微乳液中成功合成了纳米级聚苯胺。通过扫描电镜探究了以水包油(O/W)和油包水(W/O)两种状态的微乳液为模板制备的聚苯胺的微观形貌,发现在无表面活性剂微乳液中合成的聚苯胺纳米粉具有颗粒细且均匀、产物易分离的优点。通过红外光谱和X射线衍射图谱验证了聚苯胺在微乳液中的合成。在对不同底物的包覆试验中,发现具有亲水性的变色硅胶可以被W/O微乳液合成的纤维状的聚苯胺包裹,而在O/W微乳液中仅在缝隙处生成了棒状的聚苯胺。具有疏水性的涤纶织物在W/O微乳液中聚合聚苯胺后表面生成了聚苯胺颗粒但未能形成连续镀层,在O/W微乳液中形成致密镀层并具有一定的导电性能。通过控制氧化剂配比和反应时间探究聚苯胺-涤纶织物的最佳电导率,当苯胺与氧化剂物质的量比为1∶1.3,反应时间为4 h时,聚苯胺达到最佳电导率5.66×10^(-2)S/cm。

Nano-sized polyaniline is successfully synthesized in surfactant-free microemulsion composed of water,ethanol and dichloromethane.The micromorphology of polyaniline prepared by oil-in-water(O/W)and water-in-oil(W/O)microemulsions as templates are investigated by scanning electron microscopy.It is found that the nanoparticles of polyaniline synthesized in surfactant-free microemulsions have the advantages of fine and uniform particles and easy separation of products.The synthesis of polyaniline in microemulsion is verified by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.In the coating experiment on different substrates,the hydrophilic chromic silica gel can be coated with fibrous polyaniline synthesized by W/O microemulsion,while in O/W microemulsion,only rod-shaped polyaniline is formed at the gap.Polyaniline particles are formed on the surface of hydrophobic polyester fabric after polymerizing polyaniline in W/O microemulsion,but no continuous coating is formed,and dense coating is formed in O/W microemulsion with certain electrical conductivity.The optimum conductivity of polyaniline-polyester fabric is studied by controlling the ratio of oxidant and reaction time.When the molar ratio of aniline to oxidant is 1∶1.3 and the reaction time is 4 h,the optimum conductivity of polyaniline is 5.66×10^(-2)S/cm.