湖南省细菌耐药监测网2012-2021年ICU分离细菌耐药性监测报告

Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from intensive care units:surveillance report from Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System,2012-2021

目的了解2012—2021年湖南省细菌耐药监测网网点医院重症监护病房(ICU)患者临床分离菌株分布情况及对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法按照全国细菌耐药监测网方案,应用WHONET 2022软件对所有湖南省耐药监测网成员单位上报的ICU临床分离细菌及药敏结果数据进行分析。结果2012—2021年各年份湖南省细菌耐药监测网成员单位ICU分离细菌总数为5777~22369株,其中革兰阴性菌每年占比为76.1%~78.0%。金黄色葡萄球菌一直稳居每年分离的革兰阳性菌之首。革兰阴性菌中,居前5位的细菌分别为鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,未发现对万古霉素、替考拉宁及利奈唑胺耐药的葡萄球菌属细菌。耐万古霉素粪肠球菌检出率为0.6~1.1%,耐万古霉素屎肠球菌检出率为0.6%~2.2%。大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌对亚胺培南的耐药率分别为3.1%~5.7%、7.7%~20.9%。铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南耐药率分别为24.6%~40.1%、76.1%~80.9%,耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌检出率呈逐年下降趋势,鲍曼不动杆菌对多黏菌素B保持了较高的敏感性,耐药率<10%。结论ICU临床分离菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药形势较严峻,尤其是耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌目细菌在2019年后有升高趋势,需要加强细菌耐药监测,开展多学科联动。

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinically isolated bacteria from intensive care units(ICUs)in hospitals of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System from 2012 to 2021.Methods According to China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System,data of clinically isolated bacterial strains and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of bacteria from ICUs reported by all member units of Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System were analyzed with WHONET 2022 software.Results From 2012 to 2021,the total number of bacteria isolated from ICUs of member units of the Hunan Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System was 5777-22369,with Gram-negative bacteria accounting for 76.1%-78.0%annually.Staphylococcus aureus ranked first among isolated Gram-positive bacteria each year.The top 5 bacteria among Gram-negative bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.Detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed a downward trend year by year.No Staphylococcus spp.were found to be resistant to vancomycin,teicoplanin and linezolid.Detection rates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were 0.6-1.1%and 0.6%-2.2%,respectively.Resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to imipenem were 3.1%-5.7%and 7.7%-20.9%,respectively.Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii to imipenem were 24.6%-40.1%and 76.1%-80.9%,respectively.Detection rates of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa declined year by year.Acinetobacter baumannii maintained high susceptibility to polymyxin B,with resistance rate<10%.Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from ICUs is serious.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales has an upward trend after 2019.It is nece-ssary to strengthen the surveillance of bacterial resistance and carry out multidisciplinary collaboration.