广东丘陵山地荔枝园宜机化改造现状及发展对策

Current Situation and Development Countermeasures of Mechanized Transformation of Litchi Orchards in Guangdong Mountainous Areas

丘陵山地荔枝园立地条件差、种植模式不规范,不适合农业机械应用,可通过宜机化改造来为果园机械作业创造条件。近几年来广东围绕丘陵山地荔枝果园宜机化改造开展了一定规模的实践,但仍然处于边试验边探索的阶段。总结了广东丘陵山地荔枝园改造现状及面临的问题,提出丘陵山地荔枝果园宜机化改造项目存在目标不明、内容不详、相关指标与参数不统一、从业人员知识结构落后等问题,制约了其进一步发展。总结丘陵山地荔枝果园的宜机化改造经验,发现选择合适的改造目标、合理制定改造计划、加强投入后绩效测算是改造成功的基本条件,建议可通过“政策宣传、标准先行、以点带面”等分步推进的手段提高丘陵山地荔枝果园宜机化改造速率,以期为全国其他丘陵山区农机化发展提供动力和样板。

The poor site conditions and non-standard planting patterns of mountainous litchi orchards are not suitable for mechanized application.It can create conditions for orchard mechanical operation through mechanized transformation.In recent years,a certain scale of practice has been carried out around the mechanized transformation of mountainous litchi orchards in Guangdong,but it is still in the stage of experiment and exploration.This article summarized the current situation and problems in the transformation of mountainous litchi orchards in Guangdong.It was pointed out that the mechanized transformation technology for mountainous litchi orchards had unclear goals and content,inconsistent relevant indicators and parameters,and outdated knowledge structure of practitioners,which restricted its further development.The experience of mechanized transformation of mountainous litchi orchards was summarized in this paper.Selecting appropriate transformation objectives,rationally formulating transformation plans and strengthening post-investment performance measurement were the basic conditions for successful transformation.It was suggested that it could improve the mechanized transformation rate of mountainous litchi orchards through step-by-step means such as “policy promotion,standard-setting in the lead,and exemplary approach”,so as to provide impetus and models for the development of agricultural mechanization in other mountainous areas in China.