苏炳添奥运备战周期体成分管理与机能状态调控策略分析

Body Composition Management and Body Function Regulation Strategies of Su Bingtian during the Preparation for the Olympics

目的:探究优秀短跑运动员苏炳添在奥运备战东周期的体成分管理策略。方法:将整个备战周期划分为过渡期(减脂期)、准备期(增肌期)、比赛前期(体重保持期)、比赛期(赛前减重期)4个时期,基于周期化训练需求、生物力学分析、营养需求设计个性化的、周期化的营养方案,运用体重计、X射线骨密度测试仪、皮褶厚度计等设备对运动员的体成分进行定期监测,采用血清肌酸激酶、尿素氮、血红蛋白、皮质醇、睾酮、尿比重等生理生化指标对运动员的身体机能进行定期监测。结果:1)与进行营养干预前相比,苏炳添在减脂期的体脂率下降至5.9%(职业生涯最低值),增肌期、体重保持期和赛前减重期的体脂率均保持在8%左右;2)苏炳添的体重在减脂期降低至68.3 kg,增肌期增加至75.4 kg,体重保持期保持在75 kg左右,赛前减重期减重至73 kg;3)生物力学分析结果显示,苏炳添在实施体成分管理方案后,单步总垂直力需求减少3.3%,全程总垂直力需求累积减少161.7%;4)生理生化测试结果显示,在整个备战周期运动员恢复良好,血清肌酸激酶、尿素氮、血红蛋白、皮质醇、睾酮等指标保持在适宜区间内。结论:在过渡期、准备期、比赛前期、比赛期分别按照减脂、增肌、保持体重、减重的目标对苏炳添的体成分进行调控,帮助苏炳添在东京奥运会前获得了极佳的身体机能状态,为其创造优异成绩奠定了良好基础。

Objective:To explore the body composition management and body function regulation strategies of Su Bingtian during the preparation for the Tokyo Olympics.Methods:This case study conducted a one-year nutritional intervention on the world-class sprinter Su Bingtian during the preparation for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics,and the entire preparation period was divided into four phases:transition(fat-loss phase),preparation(muscle-gain phase),pre-competition(weight-maintain phase),and competition(weight-loss phase).A personalized nutrition plan was designed based on the needs of periodized training,biomechanical analysis,and nutritional requirements.Body composition was regularly monitored by using body weight scales,X-ray osteodensitometer,and skinfold calipers.Physiological functions were measured through blood biochemical tests and urine specific gravity measurements.Results:Compared with the pre-intervention phase,Su Bingtian’s body fat decreased to 5.9%in fat-loss phase,and his body fat was maintain at around 8%in the other three phases.Su Bingtian’s weight was decreased to 68.3 kg,75.4 kg,around 75 kg,and 73 kg during fat-loss phase,muscle-gain phase,weight-maintain phase and weight-loss phase,respectively.The results of biomechanical analysis showed that the vertical force demand of Su Bingtian in each single-step(maximum velocity phase)was reduced by 3.3%,and the whole process total vertical force demand was cumulatively reduced by 161.7%after the body composition management plan.In addition,the results of physiological and biochemical tests showed that Su Bingtian was recovered well throughout the preparation period,while the serum creatine kinase,urea nitrogen,hemoglobin,cortisol,testosterone and other indicators were all maintained in the normal range.Conclusions:During the transition,preparation,pre-competition and competition phases,Su Bingtian's body composition was regulated according to the goals of fat loss,muscle gain,weight maintenance and weight loss,which helped Su Bingtian to obtain excellent physical performance before the Tokyo Olympics,and these strategies established a good foundation for him to create excellent results.