共建“一带一路”对收入差距的影响:机制与证据

The Impact of Jointly Building the“Belt and Road”on Income Distribution:Mechanism and Evidence

共建“一带一路”的初衷是缩小发展鸿沟,实现更包容的增长。本文基于地理位置的视角揭示共建“一带一路”如何影响要素流动方向并作用于地区间收入分配格局,证实共建“一带一路”确实缩小了沿线国家的收入差距,彰显了开放包容、共同发展的宗旨。作为贸易投资自由化与互利互惠型外生制度安排,我们采用世界银行提供的全球62国跨国数据,证实共建“一带一路”为沿线国家的对外贸易和投资“人为”开辟了新的“出海口”,使一国拥有更多的商品和要素流动通道和“出海”方向,也避免了要素拥挤于某一沿海临港方向。共建“一带一路”推动沿线国家日益接近世界前沿市场,人均资本水平增长效应、贸易投资规模效应、就业提升效应以及技术进步效应都发挥着显著缩小收入差距的作用。

The original intention of jointly building the“Belt and Road”is to pursue inclusive growth and narrow the development gap.This article verifies that the“Belt and Road”initiative has achieved the goal of inclusive growth while promoting economic growth and reducing the income gap among countries along the route.As an exogenous institutional arrangement for trade and investment liberalization and mutual benefit and reciprocity,we use the data of 62 countries provided by the World Bank to confirm that the joint construction of the“Belt and Road”has opened up a new“gateway”for foreign trade and investment of countries along the line,allowing a country to have more channels and directions for the flow of goods and factors,and also avoiding factors crowding in a coastal port direction.The joint construction of the“Belt and Road”has pushed the countries along the Belt and Road closer to the world's leading markets.The growth effect of per capita capital level,the scale effect of trade and investment,the employment promotion effect and the effect of technological progress have all played a significant role in narrowing the income gap.